大型海藻发酵制取乙醇研究浅析

摘要

大型海藻生长速度快、繁殖周期短，不与粮争地，对其他农产品的产量和价格没有影响，已成为新的生物质能源而广为研究。与传统的生物质能量原料相比，利用大型海藻生物质能可以节约能源消耗，减少二氧化碳的排放。世界各国利用大型海藻发酵制取沼气、乙醇等生物燃料的研究取得了较好的成果，为大型海藻生物质能的利用提供了理论依据和实践基础。利用鼠尾藻发酵制取乙醇，目前最高产率可达干重的3%。目前，将组成复杂的生物质高效地降解以及发酵参数的控制，是大型海藻发酵生产生物乙醇过程中的关键技术。我国大型海藻的栽培和养殖技术在某些方面处于国际领先水平，是发展大型海藻生物质能的优势。%A sea w eed as new sources of biom ass energy is characterized by good grow th, short breeding period, no com petition withlandforhumanfood,andnoeffectonoutputandpricesofagriculturalproducts.Theseaweedbiomassresearchhasbecomea new directionofbiomassenergyresearch.Comparedwiththetraditionalbiomassenergyraw materials,theseaweedshavemany advantages including low energy consum ption, and reduction in carbon dioxide em issions. A good progress on production of ethanolbyseaweedfermentationhadbeenmadeincountriesallovertheworld,whichprovidesatheorybasisandpracticebasis fortheutilizationofseaweedbiomass.TheethanolhasbyfarbeenproducedbyfermentationofseaweedSargassum thunbergii w ith the m axim alproductive rate of3% in dry w eight.A tpresent,the key technology in the process ofthe production ofethanolis ofdegradationofcomplexbiomassefficientlyandcontrolparametersinthefermentationprocessoftheseaweed.Theadvantages oftheseaweedbiomassenergydevelopmentinChinaarederivedfrom theinternationalleadinglevelofseaweedcultivationand breeding to som e extent.