RNA干涉技术及眼科应用

摘要

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process triggered by the introduction of small double strand RNA (dsRNA),which leads to a specific degradation of messenger RNA and therefore regulate the expression of target gene.Being one of post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS),RNAi is found to extensively exist in the body.Some researches of ophthalmology showed that RNAi can be used to prevent and treat multiple eye diseases,including ocular neovascularization,anti-fibrosis,intraocular tumors,autoimmune uveoretinitis,etc.RNAi plays role in switching on and off the target gene.Because RNAi can inhibit gene expression specifically and efficiently,it has gained increasing attention in recent years.The basic concept,acting mechanics and character of RNAi and its application in ophthalmology were summarized.%RNA干涉(RNAi)是将细胞内引入与内源性mRNA编码区某段序列同源的双链RNA(dsRNA),使该mRNA发生特异性降解,调控目标基因的表达.作为转录后基因沉默(PTGs)的一种,这种现象普遍存在于生物体内.眼科相关领域的研究表明,RNAi对多种眼科疾病均有预防和治疗作用,包括眼科新生血管性疾病、抗青光眼滤过术后滤过泡瘢痕化、眼内肿瘤、自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎等.由于RNAi能够高效地、特异性地抑制体内特定基因的表达,近年来逐渐受到人们的关注.就RNAi干涉的基本概念、作用机制、作用特点以及在眼科领域的研究进展进行综述..