直接快速免疫组化法在我国狂犬病诊断中的初步应用

摘要

Objective Evaluation of the direct rapid immumohisto-chemical test (DRIT) for laboratory surveillance of rabies. Methods 72 brain specimens of domestic dogs or patients collected from Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Yunnan provinces were detected by conventional Methods including Direct Fluorescent-antibody Assay (DFA) and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and by DRIT which was newly developed in the Rabies Section of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States. The sensitivity and specificity of DRIT were evaluated by compare of the three Results . By analysis of the index including cost of experiment, technique requirement and so on, the advancement and applicability of DRIT were discussed. Results Compared with DFA and RT-PCR, DRIT will be more applicable for laboratories with limited funds and weak techniques because of its lower cost needed and simpler techniques required while its sensitivity and specificity are equal to the other two Methods . Conclusion DRIT is more valuable in rabies diagnosis and more applicable for extension and popularization in rabies laboratory surveillance in local CDC.%目的 评价诊断狂犬病的新方法 -直接快速免疫组化法(Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test, DRIT)在我国狂犬病实验室监测工作中的应用推广价值.方法 采用美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)狂犬病室新近建立的检测狂犬病毒抗原的DRIT法与目前常用狂犬病诊断方法 直接荧光抗体法(Direct Fluorescent-antibody Assay, DFA)和反转录-聚合酶链式反应(Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, RT-PCR),检测来源于贵州、广西、湖南、安徽、江苏和云南6个省(区)的72份家犬及患者脑组织标本.通过比较3种方法的检测结果,评价DRIT法的敏感性和特异性.同时分析3种方法 的实验成本、技术要求等指标,讨论DRIT法的优势所在及适用范围.结果 3种方法对所有标本的检测结果一致,DRIT法具有与DFA法和RT-PCR法同等的敏感性和特异性.与其他两种方法 相比,DRIT法具有研究成本低、技术要求也较低的特点,更适于经费有限及技术力量较弱的实验室采用.结论 DRIT法在狂犬病诊断中有良好的应用价值,适于在我国基层CDC的狂犬病实验监测工作中普及推广.