2013年中国狂犬病流行特征分析

摘要

目的 分析2013年我国狂犬病的流行特征和分布特点,掌握疫情变化和规律,为防控重点的设置与调整提供科学依据.方法 收集2013年全国狂犬病疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法对资料进行统计、分析.结果 2013年全国28个省(区)报告狂犬病1128例,发病率为0.083/10万,病死率为100％.按照我国七大地理区域划分,全部区域均有报告,主要集中在华南和西南地区,超过病例报告总数一半以上.长江以南地区报告病例数占总病例数70.48％,远高于长江以北地区.报告病例数居全国前五位的省(区)依次为广西、广东、湖南、贵州和云南,合计报告病例数占全国的47.96％.男女发病比例为2.28∶1;病例的年龄分布中,各年龄段均有发生;职业分布以农民为主,占71.01％.2013年与2012年相比,全国总体疫情形势呈下降趋势,但仍有个别中低发省(区)病例数有所上升.结论 2013年我国狂犬病疫情持续第6年下降,疫情地域分布仍旧呈现从南向北、从高发向低发地区蔓延的趋势.%Objective To analyze the geographical distribution and epidemiological characteristics of rabies in China in 2013,to guide the national rabies control and prevention.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was adopted,and analysis was made based on the epidemic data of rabies in 2013 in China.Result Totally 1128 rabies cases were reported from 28 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions during this time,the incidence and mortality rates were 0.083/100000 and 100％,respectively.Rabies cases were reported in all the seven geographic regions in China.The number of reported cases in the south of the Yangtze River area accounted for 70.48％ of the total number of case,much higher than the rest areas; 47.96％ of them occurred in the top five provinces,i.e.,Guangxi,Guangdong,Hunan,Guizhou and Yunnan.The ratio of male and female was 2.28∶ 1.Cases were reported among all age groups.Most of cases were farmers,which covered about 71.01％ of the total number of cases.The number of reported cases decreased in 2013 while decreasing in previously high risk provinces compared with that of 2012.Conclusion The incidence rate of rabies was continually reduced in 2013,and the trend geographically showed a moving from the south to north and the trend from the high risk region to the low risk region was also presented.