目的：描述性分析1985至2013年北京市7~18岁学龄儿童的生长发育水平、健康状况和肥胖患病率的变化趋势，并分析肥胖相关慢性病的罹患现状。方法利用1985、1991、1995、2000、2005和2010年6次全国学生体质调研资料中北京数据，以及首都儿科研究所流行病学研究室2004、2007、2010、2013年完成的北京小、中学生4次抽样调查数据，分析北京市学龄儿童生长发育水平的变化趋势；并以同期北京市GDp数据，分析社会经济水平变化与学龄儿童体格发育及健康状况的关联性。结果1985至2010年，北京市人均GDp持续增长，学龄儿童的身高、胸围呈持续稳定增长趋势；以12岁男生增长速度最快，城市和农村身高（ cm）分别由150.2、144.7增长至159.6、156.1，年平均增速分别为0.24%和0.30%；胸围（cm）分别由69.6、69.0增长至81.1、78.1，年平均增速分别为0.62%和0.49%。而1985至2005年城市学龄儿童一直处于上升趋势的体重和BMI水平在2005至2010年部分年龄组出现下降拐点，但此期间农村学龄儿童的体重和BMI依然呈上升趋势；以12岁男生为例，城市和农村BMI（ kg·m-2）分别由19.6、18.1增长至21.6、20.6，年平均增长速度分别为1.62%和2.23%。相比2005年前，50 m跑用时有所缩短；城市男女生肺活量增加，肺活量指数上升；农村男女生肺活量及肺活量指数依然呈下降趋势。结论北京市城市学龄儿童的体质状况开始有所改善，农村学龄儿童的体质状况依然呈下降趋势。肥胖及相关慢性病患病率持续增高，防控形势依然严峻。%Objective To describe the trends of growth level ,obesity and obesity related chronic diseases among school-age children in Beijing from 1985 to 2013,and analyze the prevalence of obesity related chronic diseases. Methods Using the data from the six investigations of physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students(1985,1991,1995,2000, 2005,2010)and four studies on school-age children led by Department of Epidemiology,Capital Institute of pediatrics in Beijing (2004,2007,2010,2013),the trend of growth among school-age children was charted,and the change of childrenˊs physique and obesity with the development of economy and growth was observed. Results Since 1985 to 2010,with the increase of GDp per capital,height,and chest circumference of school-age children kept a steady increase. Especially among 12-years old male children,heights(cm)of urban and suburban children increased from 150. 2 and 144. 7 to 159. 6 and 156. 1,respectively. The annual average increasing speed was 0. 24% and 0. 30%. Chest circumferences( cm)of urban and suburban children increased from 69. 6 and 69. 0 to 81. 1 and 78. 1,respectively. The annual average increasing speed was 0. 62% and 0. 49%. During 2005 and 2010,the growth of weight and BMI among children in urban areas changed into declining. The prevalence of obesity among suburban school-age children still showed an upward trend. Especially among 12-years old male children,BMI( kg · m-2 )of urban and suburban children decreased from 19. 6 and 18. 1 to 21. 6 and 20. 6,respectively. The annual average decreased speed was 1. 62% and 2. 23%. The physical fitness of suburban children have been declining,however,the physical fitness of urban children began to be improved,compared with 2005. Conclusion With the rapid development of economy,the growth level of school-age children shows an upward trend. However,suburban children are facing continuous physical decline not as we expected. Obesity and obesity related chronic diseases are in high prevalence,simultaneously and more attention should be paid to the prevention of obesity .
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