乐亭县敬老院老年男性踝臂指数与心血管疾病危险因素的关系

摘要

目的：探讨老年人踝臂指数（ABI）与心血管病危险因素之间的关系。方法采用标准化心血管病流行病学调查方法，对乐亭县4个敬老院355例60岁及以上男性人群进行调查。问卷调查包括一般情况、吸烟饮酒史、个人病史及家族史。体检包括人体测量、血压3次测量及踝臂指数（ABI）检测。ABI＜0.9为异常组，0.9～1.4为正常组。采集空腹静脉血测量血糖、血脂等生化指标。用SPSS软件包对ABI相关危险因素进行统计学分析。结果 ABI异常组占总人数11.3%。偏相关（控制年龄）分析显示ABI与腰围、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）呈负相关（P均＜0.05）。依据心血管病常见危险因素（腰围、血压、血糖、血脂异常和吸烟）进行分析，≥3个危险因素人群比例在ABI异常组明显高于正常组（62.6% vs.37.5%，P=0.003）。多元Logistic回归分析显示，年龄（OR=1.095，95%CI：1.042～1.151）、LDL-C（OR=1.973，95%CI：1.252～3.111）、TG（OR=1.522，95%CI：1.065～2.174）、吸烟（OR=2.537，95%CI：1.205～5.339）是ABI异常的独立危险因素。结论ABI降低的人群有明显的心血管病危险因素聚集性，年龄、LDL-C、TG、吸烟是其独立危险因素。%Objective To investigate the relationship between ankle-brachial index (ABI) and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in elderly male patients. Methods A survey was carried out in 355 male cases aged over 60 from 4 gerocomiums. The content of questionnaire included general condition, smoking and drinking history, individual disease history and family history. The physical examination included body measure, blood pressure measure for 3 times and ABI detection. The patients with ABI<0.9 were assigned as abnormal group and those with ABI from 0.9 to 1.4 as normal group. The indexes of blood sugar and blood fat were detected after collecting fasting vein blood, and the ABI-related risk factors were analyzed by using SPSS software. Results The cases in abnormal group accounted for 11.3%of all patients. Partial correlation analysis (controlling age) showed that ABI was negatively correlated to waistline, TC, TG and LDL-C (all P<0.05). The analysis on common risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (abnormal waistline, blood pressure, blood sugar and blood fat and smoking) showed that the proportion of patients with more than 3 risk factors was significantly higher in abnormal group than that in normal group (62.6%vs. 37.5%, P=0.003). Multiple Logistic analysis showed that age (1.095, 95%CI:1.042-1.151), LDL-C (OR=1.973, 95%CI:1.252-3.111), TG (OR=1.522, 95%CI:1.065-2.174) and smoking (OR=2.537, 95%CI:1.205-5.339) were independent risk factors of abnormal ABI. Conclusion The population with decreased ABI has significant cluster of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, and age, LDL-C, TG and smoking are independent risk factors.