山东省主要危险因素的归因死亡和疾病负担分析

摘要

Objective To determine the major health related risk factors and provide evidence for policy-making,using health burden analysis on selected factors among general population from Shandong province.Methods Based on data derived from the Third Death of Cause Sampling Survey in Shandong. Years of life lcrat(YLLs),yearS Iived with disability(YLDs)and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) were calculated according to the GBD ethodology.Deaths and DALYs attributed to the selected risk factors were than estimated together with the PAF data from GBD 2001 study.The indirect method was employed to estimate the YLDs.Results 5i.09%of the total dearlls and 31.83%of the total DALYs from the Shandong population were resulted from the 19 selected risk factors.High blood pre.ure,smoking,low fruit and vegetable intake,aleohol consumption,indoor smoke from solid fuels,high cholesterol,urban air pollution,physical inactivity,overweight and obesity and unsafe injections in health care settings were identified as the top 10 risk faetors for mortality which together caused 50.21%of the total deaths.Alcohol use,smoking,high blood pressure,Low fruit and vegetable intake,indoor smokc from solid fuels,overweight and obesity,high cholesterol,physical inactivity,urban air pollution and iron-deficiency anemia were proved as the top 10 risk factors related to disease burden and were responsible for 29.04%of the total DALYs.Conclusion Alcohol use.smoking and high blood pressure were determined as the major risk factors which influencing the health of residents in Shandong.The mortality and burden of disease could be reduced significantly if these major factors were effectively under control.%目的 定最评价部分危险因素的健康负担,以确定严重影响山东省人群健康的莺点危险因素,为疾病预防决策提供直接依据.方法 以山东省第三次死因调查资料为基础,按照全球疾病负担(GBD)研究方法计算寿命损失年(YLL)、健康寿命损失年(YLD)和伤残调整寿命年(DALY),然后根据各种危险因素的人群归因比(PAF)数据测算各种危险因素的归因死亡数和归因DALY.YLD采用间接法进行估算;19种危险PAF资料参考2001年GBD研究. 结果 山东省人群51.09%的死亡和31.83%的DALY由纳入分析的19种危险因素所致,其中高血压、吸烟、蔬菜水果摄入少、饮酒、室内燃煤污染、高胆固醇、室外空气污染、缺乏体力锻炼、超重和肥胖、不安全注射为前10种死亡危险因素,归因死亡数合计占总死亡的50.21%;饮酒、吸烟、高血压、蔬菜水果摄入少、室内燃煤污染、超重和肥胖、高胆固醇、缺乏体力锻炼、室外空气污染和缺铁性贫血为前10种疾病负担危险因素,归因DALY合计占全部疾病负担的29.04%.结论 饮酒、吸烟和高血压为严重影响山东省人群健康的重点危险因素,如有效控制这些危险因素,可显著降低人群死亡率和减轻疾病负担.