中文版儿童事件影响量表在汶川地震极重灾区中小学生中的应用及分析

摘要

目的 评价中文版(简体)儿童事件影响量表(CRIES-13)的信度和效度,探讨利用该量表筛检创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的价值及最佳评分切割点.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样原则,选取253名汶川地震后幸存儿童作为被评估对象,采用量表白评和临床诊断相结合的方法,分析量表的内部一致性、条目间平均相关系数;总分与各因子间的相关系数、内容区分效度.临床诊断依据DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准中PTSD诊断标准确诊患者.采用受试者工作特征曲线计算曲线下面积和不同切割点下筛检PTSD的灵敏度、特异度及约登指数,以约臀指数最大的点为最佳切割点.结果 CRIES-13的Cronbach's α系数为0.903,条目间平均相关系数0.283～0.689.总分与各因子的相关系数0.836～0.868,各因子间的相关系数0.568～0.718;在总分、闯入、回避和高警觉因子评分方面,PTSD组均高于非PTSD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).因子分析产生两个主成分,解释了总方差的59.68%,主要反映闯入症状和回避症状.汶川地震后7个月儿童PTSD的临床检出率为20.9%,男、女性PTSD患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CRIES-13以18分为切割点时筛检PTSD的约登指数最大,为57.6%,PTSD患者诊断预测的灵敏度为81.1%,特异度为76.5%,诊断效率81.1%.而选取32分切割点,筛查结果与临床诊断一致性较高(Kappa值=0.529).结论 CRIES-13在汶川地震后幸存儿童中具有良好的信、效度,可作为该群体一个较好的创伤后应激症状测评丁具.CRIES-13评分18分切割点可作为汶川地震后极重灾区中小学生筛检PTSD患者和确诊高危人群的切割点,而32分切割点筛检阳性率可初步预测灾后极重灾区中小学生PTSD患病率,此结论还有待于进一步研究证实.%Objective To explore the reliability and validity of the Children' s Impact of Event Scale (Chinese version, CRIES-13) and to determine the value and the optimal cutoff point of the score of CRIES-13 in screening posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD), so as to provide evidence for PTSD prevention and identify children at risk in Wenchuan earthquake areas. Methods A total of 253 children experienced the Wenchuan earthquake were tested through Stratified random cluster sampling. The authors examined CRIES-13's internal consistency, discriminative validity and predictive value of the cut-off. PTSD was assessed with the DSM-Ⅳ criteria. Area under the curve while sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were computed based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Optimal cutoff point was determined by the maximum of Youden index. Results 20.9% of the subjects were found to have met the DSM-Ⅳ criteria for PTSD 7 months after the Wenchuan earthquake accident. The Cronbach' s coefficient of CRIES-13 was 0.903 and the mean inter-item correlation coefficients ranged from 0.283 to 0.689, the correlation coefficient of the three factors with the total scale scores ranged from 0.836 to 0.868 while the correlation coefficient among the three factors ranged from 0.568 to 0.718, PTSD cases indicated much higher scores than non-PTSD cases, the Youden index reached maximum value when the total score approached 18 in CRIES-13 with sensitivity and specificity as 81.1% and 76.5% respectively. Consistency check showed that there were no significant differences between the results of CRIES-13 score ≥32 and clinical diagnosis (Kappa=0.529) from the screening program. Conclusion CRIES-13 appeared to be a reliable and valid measure for assessing the posttraumatic stress symptoms among children after the earthquake accident in the Wenchuan area. The CRIES-13 seemed to be a useful self-rating diagnostic instrument for survivors with PTSD symptoms as a clinical concern by using a 18 cut-off in total score. Consistency check showed that there was no significant difference between the screening result of CRIES- 13 score ≥ 32 and clinical diagnosis.