2012年全国和高发省份伤寒、副伤寒流行特征分析

摘要

Objective Through analyzing the national statutory reporting data on typhoid,paratyphoid fever in 2012,we were trying to understand the whole picture of typhoid,paratyphoid fever at the national level as well as to understand the trends and characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in provinces with high incidence rate,so as to the development of prevention and control strategies of the diseases in those high-incidence rate provinces.Methods We descriptively analyzed the national typhoid and paratyphoid fever statutory reporting data which was reported through disease surveillance information reporting system in 2012.Results 11 998 cases with typhoid and paratyphoid fever were reported with 3 fatal ones,in 2012 in the whole country.The incidence rate was 0.89 per 100 000.Compared to the data gathered in 2011,the incidence rates of typhoid/paratyphoid fever increased by 1.20％.The total number of the confirmed cases on typhoid and paratyphoid fever was 6522 and was accounted for 54.36％ of the total cases,in which paratyphoid fever accounted for 36.86％.Cases were mainly involved farmers and followed by students and children.Incidence rates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in children aged 0-4 years old appeared the highest (respectively 1.31/100 000 and 0.46/100 000).Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangdong,Guangxi,Zhejiang,Hunan and Xinjiang provinces (autonomous regions) were identified as provinces with high-incidence rates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever.During 2005-2012,the incidence rates in most of the above high-incidence provinces showed a downward trend,except for in Guangdong which had only showed a slight change.There were variations on peak period and highly-hit population in seven high-incidence provinces.Conclusion The incidence rate of typhoid/paratyphoid fever was in a relatively low level in China.Prevention and control strategies on the diseases in children under 5 years old remained a challenge,warranted more work to be done.The epidemiological situation is still severe in some high-incidence rate provinces.%目的 分析2012年全国伤寒、副伤寒法定报告数据,了解全国疫情态势和高发省份发病、人群特征变化趋势,为制定全国和高发地区防控措施提供依据.方法 采用描述流行病学方法分析网络直报信息系统中2012年全国伤寒、副伤寒法定报告数据.结果 2012年全国共报告伤寒、副伤寒病例11 998例,死亡3例,发病率为0.89/10万.与2011年相比,伤寒、副伤寒发病率上升1.20％.报告实验室诊断病例6522例,占总病例数的54.36％,其中伤寒与副伤寒之比为1.71∶1,副伤寒占36.86％.病例均以农民为主,其次为学生和散居儿童,伤寒、副伤寒发病率均以0～4岁组儿童最高(分别为1.31/10万和0.46/10万).云南、贵州、广东、广西、浙江、湖南和新疆为高发省,2005-2012年大部分高发省发病率呈明显下降趋势,但广东省下降幅度最小,各高发省间发病高峰和高发人群有差异.结论 2012年全国伤寒、副伤寒处于一个相对较低的发病水平,而5岁以下儿童是防控重点人群,部分高发省防控形势依然严峻.