黑龙江省大庆市社区老年人社会隔离与认知功能关联的研究

摘要

目的 探讨老年人社会隔离与认知功能间的关联.方法 采用横断面调查对黑龙江省大庆市社区981位≥60岁社区居民采用结构化问卷进行调查.用LSNS-6量表筛查老年人的社会隔离情况、蒙特利尔认知评估量表汉化长沙版评估认知功能.采用多元线性回归分析社会支持网络与认知功能的关系;采用累积比数logit模型分析社会支持网络与不同认知维度的关系.结果 调查对象平均年龄71岁;LSNS-6量表筛查出10.60％(104/981)的老年人存在社会隔离情况;9.48％(93/981)的老年人存在家庭联系疏松;13.97％(137/981)的老年人存在朋友联系疏松.LSNS-6量表得分与认知功能得分存在相关关系,与社会联系越紧密的老年人,认知功能得分越高,偏回归系数为0.10(P＜0.01).存在社会隔离的老年人认知功能得分为20.38±5.54,而社会联系正常的老年人认知功能得分为22.10±5.01,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);与无社会隔离相比,社会隔离与视空间/执行能力(P=0.02)、命名(P=0.03)、语言(P=0.01)和延迟记忆(P＜0.01)等认知维度有关联,而与注意力(P=0.33)、抽象(P=0.49)和定向(P=0.27)方面无明显关联.结论 社会隔离与认知功能密切相关,朋友联系疏松是老年人社会隔离的主要来源.%Objective To examine the association between social isolation and cognitive function among the elderly living in the communities of Daqing city.Methods A total of 981 community residents aged 60 years or over,were surveyed with a questionnaire.Both Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6) and Montreal Congnitive Assessment (MoCA) Changsha Versions were used to respectively screen the status of social isolation and cognitive function,on these elderly.Results The average age was 71 years old for the 981 study participants.10.60％ (104/981) of the participants were assessed as having the status of social isolation,9.48％ (93/981) as having marginal family ties and 13.97％ (137/981) as having marginal friendship ties.Results from the multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that participants with higher scores of LSNS-6 presenting better cognitive function score,with a partial regression coefficient as 0.10 (P＜0.01).The MoCA scores in participants with social isolation (20.38 ± 5.54) were significantly lower than the ones without social isolation (22.10 ± 5.01) and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).Social isolation was significantly related to the domain scores on visuo-spatial constructional executive functions (P=0.02),naming (P=0.03),language (P=0.01) and delayed memory functions (P＜0.01),but not with other domains as concentration (P=0.33),orientation (P=0.27) or abstraction (P=0.49).Conclusion The findings suggested that social isolation was mainly caused by the lack of friendship ties and associated with cognitive function and among the elderly in Daqing city,Heilongjiang province.