我国南北方2015-2016年人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征分析

摘要

目的 了解我国南北方人间布鲁氏菌病(布病)流行特征,探讨相应防治对策.方法 利用2015-2016年“传染病报告信息管理系统”中全国报告的布病个案数据,描述总体疫情概况,分析我国南方和北方地区的报告发病率、病例地域分布和人口学特征等发病特点.结果 2015-2016年全国共报告布病104 125例,年均报告发病率为3.81/10万.2016年北方省份报告发病率为7.77/10万,较2015年(9.55/10万)下降18.6％,南方省份报告发病率为0.27/10万,较2015年(0.21/10万)上升28.6％.与2005-2014年相比,2015-2016年全国90.0％的新发县区(378个)分布在南方.北方病例多来自于本县区(52.3％),南方病例多为输人性(59.6％).南、北方男女性别比分别为2.2∶1和2.7∶1.年龄M为48岁(四分位数间距:38 ～ 58岁).北方病例中职业人群占86.8％,南方占62.7％.每年各月均有发病,高峰期集中在3-7月.结论 我国南北方人间布病疫情具有不同的流行特征,北方仍为我国布病的主要流行区,但南方的疫情有扩散的趋势.我国应针对南北方省份不同的疫情特点,采取适宜的布病预防控制策略.%Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in northern and southern areas of China,and to develop national strategies for brucellosis prevention and control.Methods Individual data on human brucellosis was collected from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System to describe the situation of brucellosis in China during 2015-2016.Epidemiological features of the disease in northem and southern areas of China were analyzed.Results A total of 104 125 cases were reported in mainland China during 2015-2016,with an average incidence rate as 3.81/100 000.The overall incidence rate from the northem provinces was 7.77/100 000 in 2016,a 18.6％ decrease from 2015 (9.55/100 000),whereas the incidence rate in the southern provinces was 0.27/100 000 in 2016,with an increase of 28.6％ than 0.21/100 000 in 2015.90.0％ of the newly infected counties mainly distributed in southern China.As for the locations of reporting cases,most of them were in the same counties in the northern areas (52.3％) while most cases in the southern areas (59.6％) were imported from other counties.The median age of the cases was 48 (IQR:38-58) years,with male-to-female ratios as 2.7 ∶ 1 in the north and 2.2 ∶ 1 in the south.Majority of the cases were occupation-related,from both the northern (86.8％) and southern (62.7％) areas.Human brucellosis occurred every month throughout the year but with an obvious seasonal increase between March and July.Conclusions Different epidemiological features of human brucellosis appeared in both northern and southern areas of China.The disease was seen endemic in the northem and dispersal in the southem provinces.Appropriate strategies for brucellosis prevention and control should be developed,according to the different epidemiological characteristics in the northcm or southcm areas.