小角散射技术在高聚物粘结炸药中的应用研究进展

摘要

Small?angle scattering (SAS) is a useful technique to characterize the complex multi?scale microstructure of polymer bonded explosives (PBX). In this review the experimental methods, data analysis models and selected applications of SAS for PBX research are presented. First, the in?situ temperature, tensile and compressive loading methods suitable for PBX are discussed. Second, the commonly used models such as Guinier, interface, polydisperse particles, hard sphere interaction, and fractal are summarized and their applicability to PBX research are described. Third, research progress on mechanical and thermal damage, binder microstructure, sensitivity, and denotation carbon product analysis over the last 20 years using small?angle X?ray and neutron scattering techniques are summarized. Finally, the advantages of SAS for PBX research are summarized. In addition to the quantitative research of internal multi?phase interfaces and multi?scale voids in PBX, the review points to the continued development of ultra?small?angle scattering (USANS) technique, in?situ mechanical?thermal coupling loading of PBX, and data analysis software.%小角散射（SAS）技术是表征高聚物粘结炸药（PBX）多尺度复杂微结构的重要技术手段。对SAS技术在PBX研究中的实验方法、数据分析模型和多种应用进行了综述。论述了适用于PBX的原位变温、拉伸和压缩加载实验方法，归纳了Guinier、界面、多分散粒子、硬球相互作用和分形等常用模型，概述了它们在PBX研究中的适用条件和范围，总结了近二十年来，国内外应用中子和X射线SAS技术在PBX力热损伤、粘结剂微结构、感度以及爆轰碳产物分析等方面的研究进展。最后，总结了SAS技术在PBX研究中的独特优势，建议加强超小角散射实验技术、PBX原位力?热耦合加载设备和数据分析软件的开发，以及PBX内部多相界面和多尺度孔洞的定量研究。