绝热加速量热仪表征含能材料热感度的探讨

摘要

对现有的固体含能材料热感度表征方法进行了简述,并针对现有表征方法无法适用于液态含能材料热感度测试的局限性,提出了采用绝热加速量热仪( ARC)表征含能材料热感度的方法.用ARC测试了4种固体含能材料太安(PETN)、黑索今(RDX)、奥克托今(HMX)、梯恩梯(TNT)以及2种液态含能材料硝基乙烷(NE)、硝酸异辛酯(EHN)的绝热分解过程,根据所得热动力学数据计算得出了这些被测试样不同爆炸延滞期对应的爆发点.就4种固体含能材料而言,ARC测试得到的热感度排序为PETN ＞RDX ＞HMX ＞TNT,此结果与传统的伍德合金浴法的测试结论一致,认为ARC可以应用于固体及液态含能材料的热感度测试.6种被测试样的热感度排序为EHN＞PETN ＞RDX＞HMX＞TNT＞NE.%Traditional test methods for thermal sensitivity of solid energetic materials were summarized. Aiming at the limitation of the fact that these methods cannot be applied to liquid energetic materials, a method using Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC) to test thermal sensitivity of energetic materials was put forward. The decompositions of four solid explosives Pentaerythritol tetranitrate ( PETN ), Hexogen (RDX), Octogen (HMX), 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and two liquid energetic materials Nitroethane (NE), 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) were studied by ARC. Kinetic and thermodynamics parameters were calculated and analyzed. Temperature corresponding different time to maximum rate under adiabatic condition (0) was calculated. Thermal sensitivity of four solid energetic materials is PETN > RDX >HMX >TNT, which is consistent with the conclusion obtained by the traditional Wood's alloy bath method, therefore ARC can be employed to the test of the thermal sensitivity of both solid and liquid energetic material. The thermal sensitivity order of six energetic materials from high to low is EHN >PETN >RDX >HMX >TNT>NE.