全民食盐加碘对山东省碘缺乏地区8～10岁儿童碘营养状况的影响分析

摘要

目的 了解全民食盐加碘后山东省碘缺乏地区8～10岁儿童碘营养状况,为今后碘缺乏病防治提供科学依据.方法 分别于1995、1997、1999、2002、2005年在山东省碘缺乏地区,按人口比例概率法或单纯随机抽样法对8～10岁儿童进行抽样,采用触诊法和B超法检查儿童甲状腺肿大情况,直接滴定法检测食用盐碘、砷铈氧化还原法检测儿童尿碘.结果 实施全民食盐加碘10年,山东省碘缺乏地区儿童食用盐碘中位数、尿碘基本呈逐年升高趋势,而甲状腺肿大率呈逐年降低趋势,到2005年碘缺乏地区碘盐覆盖率为97.2%,碘盐合格率为97.1%,合格碘盐食用率为94.3%;尿碘中位数为227.7μg/L,≥100μg/L者占89.7%(323/360);甲状腺肿大率(触诊法)由1995年的22.3%(282/1267)降至2005年的4.4%(53/1200).结论 实施全民食盐加碘10年,山东省碘缺乏地区人群碘营养状况得到显著改善,处于适宜碘营养状态.%Objective To explore the status of iodine nutrition in 8～10 years children after universal salt iodization(USI)in the iodine deficiency area.Methods Probability proportion to size method(PPS)or simple random sampling methods were used to sample children aged 8～10 years in iodine deficiency area in the vear 1995,1997,1999,2002 and 2005, respectively.Goiter were detected by palpation and B-ultrasound, iodine concentration in salt was detected by direct titration method and that in urine by the method of As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry.Results After USI has been implemented,the median of salt and urinary iodine tended to mcreaseand the goiter rate tended to decrease year by year.In 2005,the coverage rate of iodinated salt was elevated to 97.2%,qualified iodize salt rate was 97.1%and edible qualified iodinated salt rate was 94.3%in the whole iodine deficiency areas.The median of urinary iodine Was 227.7 μg/L 89.7%(323/360)of the population had a level of the urinary iodine over 100μg/L Goiter rate of 8～10 years children Wag decreased from 22.3%(282/1267)to 4.4%(53/1200) from 1995 to 2005.Conclusion After 10-year USI,the status of iodine nutrition in ShaJldong Province has been promoted obviously and it is in a suitable iodine nutritional status.