地方性砷中毒病区改水后居民生存质量调查

摘要

Objective To find out the quality of life of inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement and related influencing factors.Methods Case group ( 118 people) of arsenicosis,and control group (237 people ) of nearby residents without arsenicosis in endemic arsenic areas after drinking-water improvement in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia and outside control group(116 people) not exposed to arsenic in nearby non-arsenic areas were selected to be interviewed using homogeneous validity and reliability of the World Health Organization quality of life(WHOQOL-BREF,Chinese Version) in 2010,and physical health,psychological,social relationships,environment scores and total score were calculated,respectively.Covariance analysis was used to find out the real difference in the three groups and multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors on quality of life.Results The scores of physical health,psychological,social relationships,environment and total score of case group were ( 12.14 ± 2.68),( 12.18 ± 2.22),( 14.81 ± 2.24),(11.33 ± 1.92),(69.27 ± 16.23) points,respectively,and those of internal control group were ( 13.39 ± 2.67),( 12.80 ± 1.88 ),( 15.16 ± 1.80),( 11.72 ± 1.62),(75.49 ± 14.50) points,respectively,those of control group were (13.91 ± 254),(13.67 ± 2.14),(15.07 ± 1.36),(12.64 ± 1.68),(78.41 ± 12.03) points,respectively.Them was significant difference in physical health,psychological,environment scores and total score among the three groups(F =7.57,10.74,13.44,10.77,all P ＜ 0.05),of which case group was significantly lower than those of the inside and outside control group(all P ＜0.01 ),while in the control group the psychological and environment scores were lower than those of the external control group(all P ＜ 0.01 ).Health,whether-or-not arsenicosis patient,annual per capita income,age and sex were influential factors of quality of life among inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement (all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Quality of life among inhabitants living in endemic arsenism areas after drinking-water improvement is lower than residents of non-arsenic areas.%目的 了解地方性砷中毒(简称地砷病)病区改水后居民的生存质量及影响因素.方法 2010年在山西和内蒙古已改水地砷病病区选择砷中毒患者作为病例组(118人),非砷中毒患者作为内对照组(237人),同时在临近的非病区选择居民作为外对照组(116人),采用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)中文版,进行入户问卷调查,分别计算生理、心理、社会关系和环境领域得分及总分.应用协方差分析方法比较上述3组人群的生存质量,并用多元线性回归分析法分析生存质量的影响因素.结果 病例组生理、心理、社会关系和环境领域得分及总分分别为(12.14±2.68)、(12.18±2.22)、(14.81±2.24)、(11.33±1.92)、(69.27±16.23)分,内对照组分别为(13.39±2.67)、(12.80±1.88)、(15.16±1.80)、(11.72±1.62)、(75.49±14.50)分,外对照组分别为(13.91±2.54)、(13.67±2.14)、(15.07±1.36)、( 12.64±1.68)、(78.41±12.03)分.3组间生理、心理、环境领域得分及总分比较,差异有统计学意义(F值分别为7.57、10.74、13.44、10.77,P均＜0.01).病例组生理、心理和环境领域得分及总分明显低于内、外对照组(P均＜0.01),内对照组在心理、环境领域得分低于外对照组(P均＜ 0.01).影响改水后病区居民生存质量的主要因素是健康状况、是否为砷中毒患者、年人均收入、年龄和性别(P均＜ 0.05).结论 地砷病病区改水后居民生存质量仍低于非病区居民.