Objective To provide basic and scientific data for diagnosis of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and development of children in the endemic disease region of Xinghai, Qinghai Province. Method In March 2012, the radiographs of right hand of 278 children aged 7 - 12 in KBD areas from Xinghai County, Qinghai Province were taken by X-ray, and then these phalange bones were measured with electronic digital vernier caliper. All data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0. Results The length of middle and end phalanges offingers of the forefinger, middle phalanges offinger of the middle finger and middle phalanges offinger of the pinky of girls aged 8 [(15.76 ± 1.39), (10.86 ± 1.06), (18.69 ± 1.46) and (12.26 ± 1.51) mm] were higher than those of boys [(14.71 ± 0.96), (10.24 ± 0.87), (17.76 ± 0.99) and (11.27 ± 1.42) mm], and the differences were statistically significant (t = 3.058, 2.174, 2.603, 2.346, all P< 0.05). The length of end phalanges offinger of the forefinger and middle phalanges offinger of the ring finger of girls aged 11 [(12.37 ± 0.86), (19.71 ± 1.32) mm] were higher than those of boys [(11.56 ± 1.01), (18.67 ± 2.03) mm] with significant differences (t = 2.938, 2.070, all P< 0.05). There was no significant difference of length of phalange bones between boys and girls at other age groups (all P>0.05). 7 year old age group, the width of phalange bones(proximal thumb, middle phalanges offingers of the forefinger, proximal and end phalanges offinger of the middle finger, proximal phalanges offinger of ring finger and middle phalanges offinger of the pinky) of boys was significantly thicker than girls (t = 2.291, 3.151, 3.131, 2.814, 2.235, 2.129, all P < 0.05). The 8 year old age group, the width of proximal phalanges offinger of ring finger of boys was significantly thicker than girls (t = 2.952, P< 0.05); 10 year old age group, the width of proximal phalanges offinger of the middle finger, proximal and middle phalanges offinger of ring finger of boys was significantly thicker than girls (t = 2.114, 3.829. 2.234, all P< 0.05); 11 year old age group, the width of middle phalanges offinger of forefinger and ring finger of boys was significantly thicker than girls (t = 3.219, 2.094, all P< 0.05); 12 year old age group, the width of end phalanges offinger of thumb and forefinger, proximal and end phalanges offinger of the pinky of boys was significantly thicker than girls (t=2.181, 3.973, 3.128, 2.237, all P<0.05);the rest and comparison, no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion The development of phalange bones of children aged 7 - 12 is in accordance with the specific changes of development at different stages.%目的：分析青海省兴海县大骨节病病区儿童右手指骨X线测量结果，为大骨节病诊断及病区儿童生长发育提供可靠的基础资料和科学依据。方法2012年3月，对青海省兴海县大骨节病病区278名7~12岁在校儿童进行右手X线拍片，采用电子数显游标卡尺在X线片上进行近节、中节、末节指骨横径、轴长测量。将数据进行汇总，采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果8岁年龄组女性儿童食指中节、末节、中指中节及小拇指中节指骨轴长[(15.76±1.39)、(10.86±1.06)、(18.69±1.46)、(12.26±1.51)mm]显著高于同年龄男性组[(14.71±0.96)、(10.24±0.87)、(17.76±0.99)、(11.27±1.42)mm，t =3.058、2.174、2.603、2.346，P均<0.05]，11岁年龄组间女性儿童食指末节、无名指中节轴长[(12.37±0.86)、(19.71±1.32)mm]显著高于同年龄男性组[(11.56±1.01)、(18.67±2.03)mm，t=2.938、2.070，P均<0.05]，其余年龄组间男、女性儿童指骨轴长比较，差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。7岁年龄组，男性儿童大拇指近节，食指中节，中指近节、末节，无名指近节及小拇指中节指骨横径显著粗于女性儿童(t=2.291、3.151、3.131、2.814、2.235、2.129，P均<0.05)；8岁年龄组间，男性儿童无名指近节指骨横径显著粗于女性儿童(t=2.952，P<0.05)；10岁年龄组，男性儿童中指近节、无名指近节、中节指骨横径显著粗于女性儿童(t=2.114、3.829、2.234，P均<0.05)；11岁年龄组，男性儿童食指、无名指中节指骨横径显著粗于女性儿童(t=3.219、2.094，P均<0.05)；12岁年龄组，男性儿童大拇指末节、食指末节及小拇指近节、末节指骨横径显著粗于女性儿童(t =2.181、3.973、3.128、2.237，P均<0.05)；其余指骨比较，差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论病区7~12岁儿童指骨发育符合在生长发育的不同阶段的特异变化。
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