河北省唐山市人间布鲁菌病流行特征分析

摘要

目的 分析唐山市人间布鲁菌病(布病)的流行特征及其动态变化规律,探讨不同时期影响布病疫情的可能因素,为布病防控提供依据.方法 采用回顾性分析方法,收集1950-2016年唐山市布病监测数据,对布病的三间分布情况进行描述性统计分析.结果 1950-2016年共报告布病2 438例,年均发病率为0.48/10万,无死亡病例.2015年为流行高峰,发病率为7.12/10万;发病有明显季节性,3-7月发病数占58.4％(1 425/2 438);地区分布主要集中在迁安市、乐亭县和滦南县,尤其迁安市建昌营镇回民聚集地高发;患者的发病年龄主要集中在45～64岁,发病数占59.5％(1450/2438),男、女性发病数之比为2.9:1.0(1 817:621);职业分布以饲养员和农民为主,分别占69.3％(1 689/2 438)和14.2％(346/2 438).主要传染源为病羊,直接接触病羊的发病数占82.5％(1 888/2 288).结论 唐山市布病疫情日趋严重,流行范围逐年扩大,做好高危人群的个人防护和健康教育,加强牲畜流通环节的检疫和管理是今后布病防控的重点.%Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and dynamic changes of brucellosis in Tangshan,and explore the influencing factors in different periods,so as to provide a scientific basis for its prevention and control.Methods A retrospective analysis method was used to collect the monitoring data of brucellosis in Tangshan from 1950 to 2016 to understand its three dimension distributions in different periods.Results A total of 2 438 cases of brucellosis were reported from 1950 to 2016,the average incidence rate was 0.48/105,and no death was reported.The peak of the epidemic was in 2015,with an incidence rate of 7.12/105.The onset of the disease was marked by seasonal,the incidence from March to July accounted for 58.4％ (1 425/2 438).Cases were mainly in Qian'an,Laoting and Luannan,especially in Hui people gathering place of Jianchangying Town Qian'an City.Incidence age is mainly concentrated in 45-64 years old,accounted for 59.5％ (1 450/2 438).The sex ratio of men and women was 2.9:1.0 (1 817:621).Most patients were breeders,accounted for 69.3％ (1 689/2 438),followed by farmers,accounted for 14.2％ (346/2 438).The illness sheep was the main source of infection,the number of cases which were directly contacted with illness sheep accounted for 82.5％ (1 888/2 288).Conclusions The infection of human brucellosis in Tangshan shows an increasing trend and widening scope.It is necessary to strengthen personal protection and health education in occupational population,and strengthen quarantine and management in livestock trading to prevent and control brucellosis in Tangshan in the future.