目的:比较无龋儿童和高龋患儿唾液中益生菌和变异链球菌的分布情况.方法:根据WHO 1997年《口腔健康调查基本方法》中龋病诊断标准,分别选取dmft≥4(高龋组)和dmft =0(无龋组)的5～6岁儿童各30人,于上午9:00 - 11:00取所有儿童的非刺激性唾液,分别接种于变异链球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的选择性培养基,在37℃厌氧条件下培养48 h后,取各选择培养基HE染色后倒置显微镜观察进行形态学鉴定.进而对各组各菌种菌落单位进行统计学分析.结果:5 ～6岁儿童口腔中均含有大量变异链球菌,明显高于其他两菌种(P＜0.05),但高龋病组与无龋组之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05)；乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌均以无龋组最高,与高龋组相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌是无龋儿童口腔中的优势菌,可能对降低该年龄段儿童的龋易感性有作用.%AIM: To quantitatively determine the composition of probiotics and Streptococcus mutans in sali-va among preschool children. METHODS: Thirty preschool children with dmft >4 and thirty preschool children with dmft =0, designated as high-caries and non-caries group respectively, were enrolled in this clinical study. Stimulatory saliva was collected from all children. The saliva was then inoculated into selective culture medium of Streptococcus mutans, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, cultured under anaerobic conditions at 37 "C for 48 h. The bacteria were observed under microscope after HE staining. RESULTS: The number of Streptococcus mutans in all saliva samples was significantly higher than that of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacteria ( P < 0.05 ). No significant difference in the number of Streptococcus mutans was observed between high-caries group and non-caries group ( P >0.05). The number of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacteria was significantly higher in non-caries group than in high-caries group ( P < 0. 05 ). CONCLUSION; The number of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacteria is higher in non-caries preschool children. Increasing the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus may help to decrease caries incidence.
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