AIM:To investigate the morphological characteristics of the apical foramen of mandibular mo-lars. METHODS:593 permanent mandibular molars(285 first and 308 second molars) were collected.The roots were stained with methylene blue and the number and shape of root apex and lateral side of root apex were examined with stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Phmias 2008 computer software. RESULTS:A total of 1 616 foramina of the 593 molars was investigated. 1 root with 1,2 and ≥3apical foramen were found in 68%,23.8% and 8.2% of the roots.Most apical foramina(71.6%) were oval in shape. The mean range of minimum diameter in the minor apical fo-ramen was from (0.24 ± 0.10)mm to (0.33 ± 0.12)mm, that of the maximum was from (0.33 ± 0.15)mm to (0.42 ± 0.16)mm. The rate of apical foramen with the difference between maximum and minimum diameter no more than 0.15 mm accounted for 81.5%. CONCLUSION:The morphology of apical foramina of mandibular molars pres-ent highly complex anatomical variations.%目的:研究下颌磨牙根尖孔的孔径和形态特征.方法:收集符合纳入标准的离体下颌磨牙593个,其中第一磨牙285个、第二磨牙308个;经亚甲基蓝染色后用体视显微镜拍摄并记录根尖孔和侧副根尖孔的数量、形态,使用Phmias 2008软件测量根尖孔的最大径和最小径,并进行统计学分析.结果:593个下颌磨牙共观测根尖孔1616个,其中1个牙根有1个、2个、≥3个根尖孔的比例分别为68%、23.8%、8.2%.根尖孔的形状多数是椭圆形(71.6%).不同牙根尖孔最小径为(0.24 ± 0.10)mm ~(0.33 ± 0.12)mm,最大径为(0.33 ± 0.15)mm ~(0.42 ± 0.16)mm,第一、二磨牙的最大径及最小径均为近中根尖孔小于远中根尖孔(P<0.05).根尖孔最大径与最小径的差值≤0.15 mm的比例为81.5%.结论:下颌磨牙根尖孔解剖形态变异较多且复杂.
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