软件自适应：基于控制理论的方法

摘要

软件自适应是软件系统为应对外部环境、用户需求和系统自身的频繁变化而进行自我调整的一种能力，是近年来软件工程领域研究的热点。由于基于“感知-决策-调整”的软件自适应环与基于“感知-规划-动作”的控制环有着天然的相似性，采用控制理论作为手段来研究软件自适应问题已成为一种重要风范。该文对基于控制理论的软件自适应研究工作进行了综述。首先，阐释并定义了软件自适应的概念内涵；其次，讨论了基于控制理论的软件自适应基本思想、代表性研究工作；第三，在给出综述方法和过程的基础上，建立了综述分类框架；而后，结合分类框架分别从控制工程视角和软件工程视角，即控制结构、概念框架、理论基础、开发方法、评价验证等方面对研究现状进行了详细讨论和比较。最后，分析了当前研究所存在的不足并展望了未来的研究趋势。%Software self-adaptation (SSA)is a capability that enables a software system to adjust itself to react to the frequent changes from external environments,user requirements and its own.It has become a hot topic in software engineering community in recent years.Due to the natural similarity between the “sense-decide-adjust”self-adaptation loop and the “sense-plan-act”control loop,it grows an important paradigm to use control theory as a research tool to deal with issues of SSA.In this paper,a survey is made on the-state-of-the-art of the research of SSA based on control theory.Firstly,the concepts and principles of SSA are explained and discussed. Secondly,the research ideas and representative work of control theory based SSA are explored. Thirdly,on the basis of the provision of our reviewing method and process,this paper defines a framework for reviewing.Moreover,using this reviewing framework,the paper thoroughly analyzes and compares the state-of-the-art of existing work from the perspectives of control engineering and software engineering with such classifying criteria as control structures,conceptual frameworks,theory foundations,development approach,and evaluating methods.Finally,the paper identifies deficiency of current work and predicts future research trends.