新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族和哈萨克族三个民族胆囊结石的流行病学分析

摘要

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and relative factors of cholecystolithiasis for the three major nationality of Uygur, Han, Kazak in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.MethodsThe typical sampling after the stratified random sampling method was adopted to investigate the family member of Xinjiang Region. A unified questionnaire was applied and the appointment of abdominal ultrasonic was used to examine the liver and gallbladder. ResultsThe overall prevalence of cholecystolithiasis was 15.0% in sampling population of Xinjiang Region,with a higher rate in South Xinjiang and North Xinjiang (17.5% and 13.5%,χ2=4.47,P=0.03 ).The prevalence of Uygur, Han, Kazak and other nationality were 20.8%, 13.1%, 11.5%, 16.8%, respectively. The prevalence of Uygur was significantly higher than that of Han and Kazak(χ2=37.90,P=0.00;χ2=42.23,P=0.00). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that sex, age, nationality, history of diabetes mellitus, family history of gallbladder disease, birthplace, pickled vegetable, milk, mutton, drinking water, number of bearing, the younger age of give birth to the first child, the delayed age of menopause, irregular menstruation. However, the vegetable, fruits and spring water were independent protective factor.ConclusionsXinjiang is an region of the higher prevalence of cholecystolithiasis, which varied with different regions and nations. The prevalence of cholecystolithiasis in South Xinjiang was significantly higher than those in North Xinjiang. The prevalence of Uygur was prominently higher than that of Han and Kazak.The diet and living environment of Kazak may have some protective factors against the formation of cholecystolithiasis, which deserve to further investigate.%目的：了解新疆维吾尔自治区维吾尔族、汉族、哈萨克族3个主要民族胆囊结石的患病率及其相关因素。方法采用典型抽样然后再多阶段分层随机抽样的方法。应用统一制定的新疆地区胆囊疾病危险因素调查表，对研究对象逐一填写调查问卷的方法收集胆囊结石的流行病学资料，同时行胆囊的腹部超声检查。结果通过本次调查得出新疆地区抽样人群中胆囊结石患病率为15.0%，其中南疆地区胆囊结石患病率为17.5%，北疆地区为13.5%，差异具有显著性（χ2＝4.47，P＝0.03）。维吾尔族、汉族、哈萨克族和其他少数民族胆囊结石的患病率分别为20.8%、13.1%、11.5%、16.8%，维吾尔族明显高于汉族和哈萨克族（χ2＝37.90，P＝0.00；χ2＝42.23，P＝0.00）。多因素Logistic回归分析表明性别、年龄、民族、糖尿病史、父母胆囊疾病史、脂肪肝史、体重指数、居住在南疆地区、腌制蔬菜类、新鲜奶类、羊肉、饮水（自来水）、生孩子数目、生第1个孩子年龄较小、绝经年龄晚及月经不调等是胆囊结石的危险因素；黄绿色蔬菜类、新鲜水果类和饮用山泉水是胆囊结石的独立保护因素。结论新疆地区为胆囊结石的高发区；新疆地区胆囊结石患病率存在地域及民族差异，主要表现为南疆高于北疆，维吾尔族明显高于汉族、哈萨克族；哈萨克族饮食及居住地域可能具有对抗胆囊结石形成的保护因素。