Objective:To investigate the distribution of anaerobes in periodontal abscess in different regions of Shanghai and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods: A total of 251 samples of pus from patients with periodontal abscess (135 cases were from Jin'an district and 116 cases were from Zhabei district) during March 2008 to December 2010 were cultured with anaerobic bags, and anaerobes were then identified. Their sensitivity to antibiotics was tested by agar dilution method. Results; Anaerobes have been detected in 60. 0% (81/135)of Jin'an samples and 50. 4% (68/135) of Zhabei samples, and most of them were P. melaninogenica (50. 4% in Jin'an and 22. 4 % in Zhabei). Strains resistant to metronidazole accounted for 24. 5% in Jin'an samples, significantly higher than that (8. 3%) in Zhabei samples (P＜0. 05). Conclusions: P. melaninogenica was the predominant species in patients with periodontal abscess. Anaerobes became more resisitant to metronidazole.%目的:调查上海市静安区、闸北区牙周脓肿患者的口腔厌氧茵群分布特点及耐药性.方法:选取2008年3月-2010年12月复旦大学附属华山医院口腔科门诊患者中牙周脓肿患者251例,其中135例患者来自静安区(静安区组),116例患者来自闸北区(闸北区组).取患者脓液进行厌氧茵培养鉴定及体外药敏实验,药敏试验采用琼脂稀释法.结果:静安区组厌氧茵检出率60.0％(81/135),以产黑色素普雷沃茵最多,占50.4％(68/135);闸北区组厌氧菌检出率51.7％(60/116),以产黑色素普雷沃菌最多,占22.4％(26/116).药敏试验显示,静安区组厌氧菌株对甲硝唑耐药率为24.5％,而闸北区组为8.3％,2组间有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:产黑色素普雷沃茵是牙周脓肿患者厌氧菌群中的优势菌；近年来厌氧茵对甲硝唑耐药性有所增加,且不同地区耐药谱不同.
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