具有良好化学、区位和立体选择性的酶是化学品绿色合成的理想催化剂.然而,由于天然酶存在易失活、重复使用困难等问题,以致酶催化的应用范围受到较大限制.随着生物技术、材料科学和纳米技术的快速发展,开发简单、低成本、适用性广的酶固定化载体和方法,提高酶催化剂在工业催化中的应用性能得到了研究者的广泛关注.本文中,笔者总结了近年来在利用功能高分子修饰酶、共沉淀法制备酶无机晶体复合物方面的一些工作,探讨了这些新型修饰酶和固定化酶的性能、优缺点、应用前景以及未来发展.%Enzymes have been widely used as ideal catalysts for the green synthesis of chemicals due to their high chemo-,region- and enantio-selectivity. However,enzymatic catalysis is often hindered by low stability and difficulty in reuse of natural enzymes. With the fast development of biotechnology, material science and nanotechnology, the discovery of facile, low-cost and general immobilization carriers and immobilization methods, improving enzyme performances in industrial applications has attracted widely attention.We summarize recent advancements in the research of functional-polymer-modified enzymes and enzyme-inorganic crystal composites.The performance,advantages and disadvantages of these new types of enzyme catalysts,their potential applications and future developments are also discussed.
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