一种梨小食心虫幼虫寄生蜂——丽下腔茧蜂的形态描述、生物学特性及生物防治潜力

摘要

A parasitoid wasp was found in larvae of oriental fruit moth (OFM), Gropholitha molesta, and identified as Therophilus festivus (Muesebeck, 1953). The wasp belongs to Agathidinae, Braconidae, Hymenoptera. Morphological characteristics of the wasp were observed and described, and variations of its scientific name were introduced in this paper. Further studies showed that the parasitic rate was 27.51％, 43.08％, 38.37％, and 23.91％ in 2014—2017, respectively. When the adult wasps were fed with purified water, 10％ sugar water, 5％ honey water, 10％ honey water, 20％ honey water, they lived 3.4 d, 6.6 d, 5.67 d, 5.67 d, and 6.75 d, respectively. At different temperatures 15, 20, 25, and 30 ℃, the adults lived 19 d, 12 d, 6.5 d and 6.83 d, respectively. The wasp shows high field parasitism rate in larvae of OFM and thus has a potential as biological control agent for OFM.%田间采集梨小食心虫室内饲养过程中发现一种寄生蜂,经鉴定为膜翅目Hymenoptera茧蜂科Braconidae窄径茧蜂亚科Agathidinae的丽下腔茧蜂Therophilus festivus(Muesebeck,1953).用体视解剖镜观察并描记其形态特征,对其学名变迁进行了介绍.另外对该蜂的寄生时期、田间自然寄生率和不同环境条件下成虫寿命进行了初步研究.结果表明,该蜂寄生于梨小食心虫幼虫,2014—2017年田间调查自然寄生率分别为27.51％、43.08％、38.37％、23.91％;用纯净水、10％白糖水、5％蜂蜜水、10％蜂蜜水、20％蜂蜜水饲喂丽下腔茧蜂成虫寿命分别为3.4、6.6、5.67、5.67、6.75 d,以20％蜂蜜水补充营养的成虫寿命最长;在15、20、25和30℃不同温度条件下,成虫寿命分别为19、12、6.5、6.83 d,以15℃条件下成虫寿命最长.该寄生蜂对梨小食心虫的田间自然寄生率较高,而且寄生范围较广,具有较高的应用潜力.