有效积温与东亚飞蝗越冬卵滞育关系研究

摘要

We reared oriental migratory locusts, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) in the laboratory from egg stage until egg-laying female adults, at six different degree-days (544.3, 662.2, 678.8, 760.2, 840.0 and 843.5 heat units), to reveal the influence of degree-days (DD) on diapause rate of overwintering locust eggs. Results showed that the diapause rate of eggs at the six treatments was 73.1%, 58.6%, 48.6%, 12.1%, 0 and 0, respectively. This indicated there were only parts of overwintering locust eggs could enter diapause during winter. The relationship between diapause rate of eggs (D) and DD of pre-overwintering period (Y) was D=−0.719Y+82.75, R2=0.774. When Y≥115.1 DD, all overwintering locust eggs would hatch. We further studied the sensitive temperature on diapause rate of eggs at the six treatments, results showed that DD based on temperature over than 27 ℃ (E) had the significant effect on diapause rate of eggs (D), the relationship was D=−0.058E+0.732, R2=0.967. The diapause rate of eggs (D) would decrease with negative DD (X) arising after eggs entering diapause, which was D=−0.155 ln(|X|)+1.136, R2=0.970. Our results reveal the relationship between DD and diapause rate of eggs at different overwintering stages, which would aid in oriental migratory locusts forecasting and prediction.%温度是影响蝗虫滞育的重要环境因子，为明确有效积温对东亚飞蝗卵滞育的影响，本文设置6个有效积温梯度处理饲养2代飞蝗，结果表明544.3、662.2、678.8、760.2、840.0、843.5日度处理下蝗卵滞育率为73.1%、58.6%、48.6%、12.1%、0、0；越冬蝗卵部分滞育，滞育率（D）与越冬前卵期有效积温（Y）负相关，D＝−0.719Y＋82.75，R2＝0.774，Y≥115.1日度时蝗卵全部孵化。进一步分析越冬前不同温度积累有效积温对蝗卵滞育影响，结果表明27℃以上有效积温（E）对滞育率（D）影响最显著，呈线性负相关，D＝−0.058E＋0.732，R2＝0.967。越冬蝗卵经历负积温（X）越小，滞育率（D）越低，呈线性负相关：D＝−0.155ln(|X|)＋1.136，R2＝0.970。本文明确了不同时期越冬蝗卵滞育率与有效积温关系，为飞蝗发生期、发生量预测提供理论依据。