寄生蜂的滞育研究进展

摘要

Parasitoid wasp is an important biological control agent of insect pests. Development regulation is important in extending shelf life, improving control efficiency and timing release. Most parasitoid wasp species enter diapause as prepupa or larva, and some as pupa or adult. Analysis of diapause in 127 parasitoid species showed that:(1) Photoperiod and temperature are the main factors influencing diapause of parasitic wasps, host and nutritional status can also exert influence. (2) The stage right before diapause stage is usually sensitive to diapause signal. (3) There is maternal effect in some species, their offspring are more stress-resistant. (4) It is possible to extend shelf life by diapause and the storage period can be as long as 16 months. (5) Diapause termination can improve biological control efficiency of the current generation of parasitoids and their F1 offspring, but also increase parasitoid mortality. An outlook of further research on diapause of parasitoid wasps is suggested.%寄生蜂在农林害虫生物防治中至为重要，调控其发育对提高产品贮存期、延长控害时间、适时防治等具有积极意义。本文列举并分析了127种寄生蜂的滞育特点，总结了近年来的相关研究进展，归纳出：（1）温度与光周期是影响滞育状态的关键因子，寄主及营养状态会影响滞育；（2）滞育敏感虫态多为滞育虫态的前一个发育时段；（3）部分种类存在母代效应，其子代抗逆性与适应力更强；（4）通过滞育延长寄生蜂产品的货架期是可行的，滞育贮存期最长可达16个月；（5）滞育后生物学研究表明，滞育解除后当代及子代的生防性能提升，但也付出种群死亡率增高的代价。在此基础上对寄生蜂滞育研究进行了展望。