寄生蜂对水稻二化螟生态控害功能的研究与应用

摘要

The rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis is one of the most important pests of rice in China.The parasitoids are important ecological regulatory factor influencing C.suppressalis population size.In this review,parasitoids diversity and their regulatory factors,biological control efficiency of egg and larval parasitoids,the utilization of dominant parasitoids,parasitoids' role in controlling overwintering population of C.suppressalis,and the evaluation of biological services provided by parasitoids were summarized.Biological control efficiency of parasitoids on C.suppressalis was also discussed.Approach to promote the biological control efficiency of parasitoids were suggested,which should focus on the potential parasitoids on overwintering larvae,such as C.chilonis,E.sinicus,M.russat,to reduce overwintering population size,and exploit Trichogramma and the other dominant egg parasitoids for non-overwintering generation to decrease damage of C.suppressalis.%二化螟是我国水稻的重要钻蛀性害虫,常年发生危害严重,给水稻生产带来巨大产量损失.寄生蜂是二化螟重要的生态调节因子和生物防控天敌资源,对田间二化螟的种群数量具有明显的自然控制作用.本文主要就二化螟寄生蜂多样性及其影响因素、二化螟卵寄生蜂和幼虫寄生蜂生态控害功能及优势种利用、二化螟幼虫越冬滞育期间寄生蜂对越冬幼虫种群基数的控制和寄生蜂生态控害功能的评估等方面的研究与应用进行综述,并探讨寄生蜂对二化螟生态控害功能的评估,尝试提出二化螟寄生蜂生态控害功能研究应在越冬代重视二化螟盘绒茧蜂、稻螟小腹茧蜂和中华钝唇姬蜂对越冬滞育幼虫的生态控害潜力、非越冬世代则重点发掘稻螟赤眼蜂、螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂等卵期优势寄生蜂以降低田间二化螟卵的孵化率、减轻二化螟幼虫为害率,以期为提升寄生蜂的生态控害功能提供参考.