糖皮质激素在河南、四川两省重症手足口病中的应用现状及不同剂量激素疗效比较

摘要

目的 了解河南、四川两省糖皮质激素在重症手足口病中应用现状;比较不同剂量激素治疗重症手足口病的疗效.方法 采用回顾性多中心研究方法,按照等容量随机抽样法随机抽取河南、四川两省201 1年1月至5月320例重症手足口病例为研究对象,计算糖皮质激素静脉注射使用率.按激素使用情况将病例分为非激素治疗组、小剂量激素治疗组和大剂量激素治疗组,比较3组之间治愈率、发热持续时间、住院时间、神经系统症状持续时间、生命体征及血糖等.结果 320例患者中291例在住院治疗过程中静脉使用糖皮质激素,激素使用率为90.9％.3组之间治愈率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),且小剂量激素治疗组、大剂量激素治疗组患儿神经系统症状持续时间、住院时间、发热持续时间比非激素治疗组长,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);入院第3天,大剂量激素治疗组舒张压明显高于其他2组(P均＜0.05).结论 糖皮质激素在河南、四川两省广泛应用于重症手足口患儿的治疗,在发热、神经系统症状不缓解情况下更倾向于使用大剂量激素治疗.激素治疗重症手足口病患儿并未能提高治愈率,亦不能缩短病程、改善其临床症状,激素对于重症手足口病的疗效有待商榷,且大剂量激素治疗有可能增加患儿药物不良反应.%Objective To investigate the use of glucocorticoid in severe hand-foot-mouth disease in Henan and Sichuan Province and to compare the therapeutic effects of different dose of glucocorticoid.Methods In this multicenter retrospective study,320 cases of severe hand-foot-mouth disease,which were randomly sampled from Jan.to May 2011 in Henan and Sichuan Province were collected.The use of intravenous glucocorticoid was calculated.Accor-ding to the dose of corticosteroids which had been used,these cases were divided into 3 groups:the non-corticosteroids group,the low-dose group and the high-dose group.The cure rate,febrile duration,nervous system involvement duration,time of staying in hospital,vital signs and serum glucose in 3 groups were compared.Results Patients who used intravenous glucocorticoid accounted for 90.9％ (291/320 cases),and only 29 patients had not used (9.1％).The cure rate among 3 groups were not significantly different(P ＞0.05).In the low-dose group and the high-dose group,the nervous system involvement duration,the febrile duration and time of staying in hospital were longer than those in the non-corticosteroids group (all P ＜ 0.05).Comparing the blood pressure among 3 groups on the first day and the third day of hospitalization,the diastolic blood pressure in the high-dose group was much higher than that in other 2 groups on the third day of hospitalization(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Glucocorticoid is generally used in severe hand-foot-mouth disease in Henan and Sichuan Province.The high-dose glucocorticoid is more often used in the situation that fever,nervous system involvement are not relieved.Glucocorticoid can never improve the cure rate in patients with severe hand-foot-mouth disease or shorten the course,relieve clinical symptoms.The therapeutic effects of glucocorticoid in severe hand-footmouth disease are not confirmed.The therapy of high-dose glucocorticoid may increase medicinal side effects.