采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对白豆蔻、红豆蔻、草豆蔻和肉豆蔻的挥发油成分进行了研究.从4种豆蔻中分别鉴定出33、54、37和29种化学成分,并测定了其相对含量.采用色谱指纹图谱分区法,将白豆蔻、红豆蔻、草豆蔻和肉豆蔻的总离子流色谱图分为4个区,对它们的挥发油成分进行比较.结果表明,白豆蔻挥发油成分与红豆蔻、草豆蔻或肉豆蔻挥发油成分差异较大,且白豆蔻的药效成分为1,8-桉叶油素,其含量远高于红豆蔻或草豆蔻,而在肉豆蔻中未检出该成分,故不宜用红豆蔻、草豆蔻或肉豆蔻代替白豆蔻入药.该研究为白豆蔻、红豆蔻、草豆蔻和肉豆蔻的精油挥发性成分的比较及质量评价提供了新途径.%Thirty -three, fifty-four, thirty-seven and twenty-nine volatile oil components from Fructus Amomi Rotundus, Fructus Galangae, Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai and Semen Myristicae, respectively, were identified and their relative contents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS). Total ion current chromatograms of them were divided into 4 fingerprint sections on the basis of peak retention time, and their volatile oil components were compared with each other. The results showed that the volatile oil components from Fructus Amomi Rotundus were distinctly different from those of Fructus Galangae, Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai or Semen Myristicae. Moreover, the major active ingredient of Fructus Amomi Rotundus was 1,8-cineole and its relative content was more than that of Fructus Galangae or Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai but it was not detected in the Semen Myristicae. Therefore, Fructus Amomi Rotundus couldn't be substituted with Fructus Galangae, Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai or Semen Myristicae. This study provides a new approach for the comparison and the quality assessment of Fructus Amomi Rotundus, Fructus Galangae, Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai and Semen Myristicae.
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