不同加工工艺小麦对肉牛养分消化率、小肠消化酶活性及血清代谢产物含量的影响

摘要

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different processing of wheat on nutrients digestibility,digestive enzyme activities and serum metabolite contents of beef cattle.Four healthy 30-month-old Limousin × Luxi crossbred beef cattle with an average body weight of (400 ± 10) kg were used in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design,and were surgically fitted with permanent fistulas in the rumen,proximal of duodenum and dismal of ileum.Beef cattle were fed four different processing wheat diets,which were grinding wheat diet,crushing wheat diet,squashing wheat diet and puffing wheat diet,respectively.The experiment consisted of four periods with a pre-experiment period for 13 days and a formal experiment period for 3 days in each period.The results showed as follows:1) the digestibility of DM,OM,CP,NDF and ADF in puffing wheat diet was significantly higher than that in the other three diets (P ＜ 0.05) ; the digestibility of DM and OM in both grinding wheat diet and crushing wheat diet was significantly higher than that in squashing wheat diet (P ＜ 0.05) ; the digestibility of NDF and ADF in grinding wheat diet was significantly lower than that in the other diets (P ＜ 0.05).2) Beef cattle fed crushing wheat diet had the highest activities of lipase and trypsinase in chymus of duodenum and ileum,and were significantly higher than those fed the other three diets (P ＜ 0.05),and then followed with those fed squashing wheat diet; beef cattle fed squashing wheat diet had the highest activity of amylase in ileum chymus,and were significantly higher than those fed the other three diets (P ＜ 0.05),and then followed with those fed grinding wheat diet and crushing wheat diet.3) Serum metabolites and whole blood indices were not significantly affected (P ＞ 0.05).It is suggested that feeding different processing of wheat might result in a significant effect on nutrients digestibility and digestive enzyme activities without changes in serum metabolites and whole blood indices.%本试验旨在研究不同加工工艺小麦对肉牛养分消化率、小肠消化酶活性及血清代谢产物含量的影响.试验采用4×4拉丁方设计,选取4头30月龄平均体重为(400±10) kg的利鲁杂交(利木赞牛×鲁西黄牛)阉牛,安装永久性瘤胃、十二指肠近端和回肠末端瘘管.4种饲粮分别为:粉碎小麦饲粮、破碎小麦饲粮、压片小麦饲粮和膨化小麦饲粮.共进行4期试验,每期预试期13 d,正试期3d.结果表明:1)膨化小麦饲粮干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率均显著高于其他处理小麦饲粮(P＜0.05)；小麦破碎处理和粉碎处理干物质和有机物的消化率均显著高于压片处理(P＜0.05)；而小麦粉碎处理中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率则显著低于其他各处理(P＜0.05).2)小麦破碎处理显著提高了十二指肠和回肠食糜中脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性(P＜0.05),压片处理次之；压片处理显著提高了回肠食糜淀粉酶活性(P＜0.05),粉碎和破碎次之.3)不同加工工艺小麦对血清代谢产物及全血指标没有显著影响(P＞0.05).综合以上结果,对小麦进行不同加工处理,能影响肉牛养分利用率和小肠中消化酶的活性,但没有影响肉牛血清代谢产物及全血指标.