多胺跨膜物质转运的机制

摘要

Polyamines are involved in several biological processes including reproduction, embryo development and cancer development, as well as play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The homeostasis of polyamines is regulated strictly by transmembrane transporter and polyamine metabolically path-ways. Solute carrier ( SLC ) gene family including SLC3A2, SLC7A1, SLC12A8, SLC22A16, SLC22A1, SLC22A2 and SLC22A3 genes and their protein could involve in the process of polyamine transmembrane trans-port; furthermore, the key regulatory genes of polyamine metabolism including ornithine decarboxylase ( ODC ) , ornithine decarboxylase antizyme ( OAZ ) and ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitorgenes ( AZIN) genes could also regulate transmembrane transport of polyamines;moreover, the internal environmen-tal factors including metal cation, transmembrane potential and pH also involved in the process of polyamine transport. Therefore, in this paper, the roles of the polyamine transporters, the key regulatory genes of poly-amine metabolism and their proteins, and internal environmental factors mediating polyamine transport were re-viewed.%多胺具有调控细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的功能，可参与动物繁殖、胚胎发育以及癌症发生发展等多种生物学过程。在动物机体中，多胺稳态是通过多胺跨膜物质转运和多胺代谢途径共同维持的。溶质转运蛋白（ SLC ）基因家族中的 SLC3A2、SLC7A1、SLC12A8、SLC22A16、SLC22A1、SLC22A2、SLC22A3基因及其编码的蛋白质可参与多胺的跨膜物质转运；多胺代谢关键调控基因鸟氨酸脱羧酶（ ODC ）、鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶（ OAZ ）和鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶抑制剂（ AZIN）对多胺跨膜物质转运也具有重要的调控功能；此外，金属阳离子、细胞膜跨膜电位和pH等内环境因素也可参与多胺转运的调节。因此，本文就多胺转运蛋白、多胺代谢相关基因和蛋白质以及内环境因素调控多胺跨膜物质转运的分子调控机制作一综述，以期为阐明多胺转运调控机制的研究奠定理论基础。