发酵葡萄籽粕对5~12周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能和营养物质利用率的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同水平发酵葡萄籽粕对5~12周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能和营养物质利用率的影响,以确定发酵葡萄籽粕使用效果和适宜添加水平. 选用5周龄五龙鹅288只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复8只鹅(公母各占1/2). 各组分别在基础饲粮中添加0(Ⅰ组)、2%(Ⅱ组)、4%(Ⅲ组)、6%(Ⅳ组)、8%(Ⅴ组)、10%(Ⅵ组)的发酵葡萄籽粕,试验期8周. 12周龄初,从每个重复随机抽取8只鹅,共计48只,分为8组进行消化代谢试验,Ⅰ~Ⅵ组分别饲喂含有0、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%发酵葡萄籽粕的全价饲粮,Ⅶ组饲喂单一发酵葡萄籽粕饲粮,Ⅷ组饲喂单一未发酵葡萄籽粕饲粮. 结果表明:1)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组显著提高鹅平均日增重(P<0.05),降低料重比(P>0.05);显著或极显著提高半净膛率、全净膛率和腿肌率(P<0.05或P<0.01),降低腹脂率(P>0.05),提高屠宰率、胸肌率(P>0.05). 2)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组显著或极显著提高鹅粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙、磷、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维利用率(P<0.05或P<0.01);Ⅴ组显著提高试验鹅氮利用率(P<0.05),各组间能量利用率差异不显著(P>0.05);发酵葡萄籽粕粗蛋白质、酸性洗涤纤维、粗纤维、钙、磷利用率极显著高于未发酵的葡萄籽粕粗(P<0.01),中性洗涤纤维利用率显著高于未发酵的葡萄籽粕( P<0.05). 3)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组显著提高鹅总氨基酸和多数氨基酸利用率( P<0.05或P<0.01). 4)Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组小肽利用率显著高于Ⅰ组( P<0.05). 由此可见,饲粮添加发酵葡萄籽粕能显著提高5~12周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能和营养物质利用率,饲粮中发酵葡萄籽粕适宜添加水平为6%~8%.%This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different dietary zymotic grape seed meal level on growth performance, slaughter performance and nutrient utilization of Wulong geese aged from 5 to 12 weeks, to found the appropriate supplemental level of the zymotic grape seed meal and its feed effect. A total of 288 five-week-old Wulong geese were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 geese per replicate ( half male and half female ) . Geese in the 6 groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 ( group Ⅰ) , 2% ( group Ⅱ) , 4% ( group Ⅲ) , 6% ( group Ⅳ) , 8% ( group Ⅴ) and 10% ( groupⅥ) zymotic grape seed meal, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. At the beginning of 12 weeks age, forty-eight Wulong geese were randomly choosed from the 6 replicates and divided into 8 groups for meta-blic experiment. Groups Ⅰ to Ⅵ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%zymotic grape seed meal, respectively. GroupⅦ was fed zymotic grape seed meal diet, and groupⅧ was fed grape seed meal diet. The results showed as follows: 1 ) compared with the group Ⅰ, the average daily gain ( ADG) in groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly increased ( P<0.05) , and the feed to gain was decreased ( P>0.05); the half eviscerated yield, percentage of eviscerated yield and percentage of leg muscle was significant-ly increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) , the percentage of abdominal fat decreased ( P>0.05) , the dressed percent-age and percentage of breast muscle increased (P>0.05). 2) The utilization of crude protein, ether extract, calcium, phosphorus, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly higher than that in groupⅠ( P<0.05 or P<0.01);the utilization of nitrogen in groupⅤwas sig-nificantly decreased ( P<0.05); there were no significant differents in the energy utilization among all groups ( P>0.05) . The utilization of crude protein, acid detergent fiber, crude fiber, calcium and phosphorus of zy-motic grape seed meal was significantly higher than that of unfermented grape seed meal (P<0.01), and the neutral detergent fiber availability was significantly increased ( P<0.05) . 3) Compared with the group Ⅰ, the total amino acid utilization in groupsⅣandⅤwas significantly increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) , and the most amino acid utilization in groupsⅣ and Ⅴ was significantly increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . 4) The nano oli-gopeptide collagen utilization in groupsⅣ and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ ( P<0.05) . In conclusion, zymotic grape seed meal can improve the growth performance, slaughter performance and nutrient utilization of Wulong geese aged from 5 to 12 weeks, and the dietary appropriate supplemental level is 6% to 8%.