日粮纤维来源对生长猪养分消化率的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究3种不同来源的日粮纤维（ DF）对生长猪养分和总能（ GE）的表观全肠道消化率（ ATTD）、表观回肠消化率（ AID）及后肠发酵率的影响。试验采用有重复的4×3不完全拉丁方设计，包括4种试验饲粮和3个饲养周期，每个周期12 d。这4种饲粮分别为基础饲粮、甜菜粕饲粮、麦麸饲粮和燕麦麸饲粮（3种纤维饲粮分别以20％的甜菜粕、麦麸、燕麦麸替代基础饲粮）。选择8头在回肠末端安装简单T 型瘘管的杜×长×大三元杂交阉公猪[初始体重（19．0±1．8） kg]，分别在3个饲养周期交替饲喂4种试验饲粮。结果表明：生长猪饲粮干物质（ DM）、粗蛋白质（ CP）、GE、粗灰分（ ash）和碳水化合物（ CHO）的ATTD、AID及后肠发酵率均受DF来源的显著影响（P＜0．05）。甜菜粕、麦麸和燕麦麸饲粮组DM、GE和CHO的ATTD显著低于基础饲粮组（ P＜0．05），甜菜粕饲粮组CP的ATTD显著低于其他3种饲粮组（ P＜0．05）。饲粮组DM、GE、ash和CHO的AID从高到低的顺序为：基础饲粮＞燕麦麸、麦麸饲粮＞甜菜粕饲粮。甜菜粕与燕麦麸饲粮组CP的AID显著低于其他2种饲粮组（ P＜0．05）。可溶性日粮纤维（ SDF）含量最高的甜菜粕饲粮，其组DM、GE、ash与CHO的后肠发酵率显著高于其他3种饲粮组（P＜0．05）。甜菜粕饲粮组 DM、GE 与 CHO 的后肠消化率分别比基础饲粮组的高12．4％、7．81％和12．6％（ P＜0．05）。综上所述，DF来源（麦麸、燕麦麸或甜菜粕）会显著改变生长猪饲粮GE和养分消化率，而富含SDF的甜菜粕可显著提高饲粮各养分在后肠的发酵率。%The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fiber ( DF) sources on the determination of apparent total tract digestibility ( ATTD ) , apparent ileal digestibility ( AID ) and hindgut fermentation rate of nutrients and gross energy ( GE) for growing pigs. The experiment was designed by a replicated 4×3 incomplete Latin square including four diets and three periods with 12 d of each period. The 4 diets consisted of a basal diet, a sugar beet pulp diet, a wheat bran diet and an oat bran diet ( the 3 fiber diets added 20% sugar beet pulp, wheat bran and oat bran to replace the basal diet, respectively) . Eight Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred barrows [initial body weight was(19.0±1.8) kg] fitted with simple T⁃cannula on terminal ileum were fed 4 experiment diets alternately for 3 periods. The results showed that the ATTD, AID and hindgut fermentation rate of dry mater ( DM) , crude protein ( CP) , GE, ash and car⁃bohydrate ( CHO) for growing pigs were significantly affected by dietary fiber sources ( P<0. 05 ) . The ATTD of DM, GE and CHO in sugar beet pulp, wheat bran and oat bran diet groups were significantly low⁃er than the basal diet group ( P<0.05) . The ATTD of CP in the sugar beet pulp diet group was significantly lower than other diet groups ( P<0.05) . The order of AID of DM, GE, ash and CHO of diet groups was:the basal diet > the oat bran and the wheat bran diet > the sugar beet pulp diet. The AID of CP in the sugar beet pulp and the oat bran diet groups were significantly lower than the other two diet groups (P<0.05). The sugar beet pulp diet containing the highest content of soluble dietary fiber ( SDF) significantly improved the pigs’ hindgut fermentation rate of DM, GE, ash and CHO (P<0.05). Compared with the basal diet group, the sugar beet pulp diet significantly increased the pigs’ hindgut digestion rate of DM, GE and CHO by 12.4%, 7.81% and 12.6%, respectively (P<0.05). In summary, dietary fiber sources (wheat bran, oat bran and sugar beet pulp) affect the digestibility of nutrients and GE for growing pigs, and the sugar beet pulp, which is rich in SDF, improves the hindgut fermentation of nutrients in growing pigs.