The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of Fusarium toxins on vulva, reproductive organ index, distribution and expression of estrogen receptors ( ERs) of uterus in weaning gilts. A total of 40 healthy weaning gilts (Duroc×Large White×Landrace) aged at 35 d with an average body weight of (8.45±0.94) kg were used in the study. Gilts were randomly allocated into 2 treatments with 20 gilts in each group. Control group was fed a basal diet, and experimental group were exposed to feed naturally contaminated with Fusarium toxins [ zearalenone ( ZEN ) 0. 90 mg/kg; deoxynivalenol ( DON ) 1. 43 mg/kg; fumonisin ( FUM ) 5.85 mg/kg] for 35 days after 7 days adaptation. The results showed that the length, width and area of vulva and reproductive organ index of weaning gilts at 35 days in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05) . There was a higher intensity of immunopositive staining for estrogen recep⁃tors α ( ERα) in cytoplasm of endometrial glandular epithelial cells and uterine muscle cells. Whereas immu⁃nopositive staining for estrogen receptorsβ ( ERβ) was most expressed in cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells in the intima of arteries and muscle layer smooth muscle cells. The ERα positive reaction and acinus number of the endometrial glandular epithelial cells in experimental groups were higher than that in control group. Howev⁃er, the ERβ positive reaction of the toxins⁃treated gilts was found in the smooth muscle cells of the uterine muscle and the arterial wall smooth muscle cells. The relative mRNA expressions of ERαand ERβ in uterus of weaning gilts in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The re⁃sults suggested Fusarium toxins have deleterious effect on reproductive system. This effect is mediated through changing the expression of ERs regulated by the transcription of ERs gene in uterus, and then changed the de⁃velopment of the reproductive organs.%本试验旨在研究自然霉变饲粮中镰刀菌毒素对断奶小母猪阴户、生殖器官指数、子宫雌激素受体（ERs）分布和表达影响。选用35日龄平均体重（8．45±0．94） kg的健康三元杂交（杜×长×大）断奶小母猪40头，随机分为2个处理，每个处理20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组饲喂含镰刀菌毒素的饲粮[玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）0．90 mg／kg；呕吐毒素（DON）1．43 mg／kg；烟曲霉毒素（FUM）5．85 mg／kg）]。预试期7 d，正试期35 d。结果表明：试验组35 d仔猪的阴户长、宽和面积及断奶母猪生殖器官指数均显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05）。雌激素受体α（ ERα）免疫阳性物质主要见于子宫内膜的腺上皮细胞和子宫肌层细胞的细胞质；雌激素受体β（ ERβ）免疫阳性物质主要见于内膜的动脉管壁平滑肌和肌层平滑肌细胞的胞质内。与对照组相比，试验组仔猪子宫内膜腺上皮细胞ERα免疫阳性反应明显增强，且腺泡数量明显增多；而ERβ在试验组仔猪子宫肌层平滑肌和动脉管壁平滑肌细胞的阳性细胞数量明显多于对照组。试验组断奶母猪子宫中ERα和ERβ的mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05）。由此可见，镰刀菌毒素能够对断奶小母猪生殖系统造成不良影响，这种影响是通过ERs基因的转录来调控ERs在子宫中的相对表达量，进而改变生殖器官的发育实现的。
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