发酵葡萄籽粕对5～12周龄五龙鹅消化生理、免疫器官指数和抗氧化指标的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同水平发酵葡萄籽粕对5～12周龄五龙鹅消化生理、免疫器官指数和血清抗氧化指标的影响，以确定发酵葡萄籽粕使用效果和适宜添加水平。选用5周龄五龙鹅288只，随机分为6个组，每个组6个重复，每个重复8只鹅（公母各占1／2）。对照组（Ⅰ组）饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加2％（Ⅱ组）、4％（Ⅲ组）、6％（Ⅳ组）、8％（Ⅴ组）、10％（Ⅵ组）的发酵葡萄籽粕。试验期8周。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，Ⅴ组十二指肠和空肠中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶及胰腺中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性极显著提高（ P＜0．01），Ⅳ组胰腺中胰脂肪酶活性极显著提高（P＜0．01），Ⅴ组胃蛋白酶活性显著提高（P＜0．05）。2）与对照组相比，Ⅳ组肠道中大肠杆菌数量显著降低（ P＜0．05），Ⅴ组肠道中乳酸杆菌数量显著提高（ P＜0．05），Ⅳ、Ⅴ组之间差异不显著（ P＞0．05）。3）与对照组相比，Ⅳ组肠绒毛高度显著提高（ P＜0．05），Ⅳ组肌层厚度显著提高（P＜0．05），Ⅴ组隐窝深度极显著降低（P＜0．01）。4）各组免疫器官指数差异不显著（ P＞0．05）。与对照组相比，Ⅴ组血清总抗氧化能力极显著提高（ P＜0．01）；Ⅳ组血清丙二醛含量极显著降低（ P＜0．01），Ⅴ组血清总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性极显著提高（ P＜0．01）。由此可见，发酵葡萄籽粕能显著提高5～12周龄五龙鹅消化酶活性，优化肠道组织结构，提高鹅的抗氧化能力，对免疫器官指数没有影响。建议饲粮中发酵葡萄籽粕适宜添加水平为6％～8％。%This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary different zymotic grape seed meal lev-els on digestive physiology, immune organ indices and serum antioxidant indices of Wulong geese aged from 5 to 12 weeks, to find the appropriate supplemental level of the zymotic grape seed meal and its feed effect.A to-tal of 288 five-week-old Wulong geese were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 geese per replicate ( half male and half female) .Geese in the control group ( groupⅠ) were fed a basal diet, and the others were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2%( groupⅡ) , 4%( groupⅢ) , 6%( groupⅣ) , 8%( groupⅤ) , 10%( groupⅥ) zymotic grape seed meal, respectively.The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group, the activities of amylase, trypsin, lipase in duodenum and jejunum in group Ⅴ were significantly increased (P<0.01), the activities of amylase and trypsin in pancreas in group Ⅴ were significantly increased ( P<0.01 ); the activity of lipase in pancreas in groupⅣ was significantly increased ( P<0.01); the activity of pepsin in group Ⅴ was significantly increased (P<0.05).2) Compared with the control group, the number of Escherichia coli in intestinal tract in groupⅣwas significantly decreased ( P<0.05) , the number of Lactobacillus in intestinal tract in group Ⅴ was signifi-cantly increased ( P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between group Ⅳ and group Ⅴ ( P>0.05) .3) Compared with the control group, the intestinal villus height in groupⅣwas significantly increased (P<0.05); the thickness of muscle in group Ⅳ was significantly increased ( P<0.05); the crypt depth in group Ⅴwas significantly decreased ( P<0.01) .4) There were no significant differences on immune organ in-dices among all groups (P>0.05).Compared with the control group, the serum total antioxidant capacity in group Ⅴwas significantly increased ( P<0.01);the serum malonaldehyde content in groupⅣwas significant-ly decreased ( P<0.01 ) , the activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in serum in group Ⅴ were significantly increased ( P<0.01) .In conclusion, zymotic grape seed meal can improve diges-tive enzyme activity, optimize the structure of intestinal tissue, improve antioxidant function of Wulong geese aged from 5 to 12 weeks, and has no effect on immune organ index, and the dietary appropriate supplemental level is 6%to 8%.