α-酮戊二酸和大蒜素对生长猪生长发育及养分表观消化率的影响

摘要

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary α-ketoglutarate (AKG) and allicin on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,serum biochemical parameters and intestinal morphologic structure of growing pigs.Forty healthy crossbred (Duroc×Landrace×Large White) growing pigs with (30.64±1.35) kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate by similar body weight and gender ratio.Pigs in control group were fed a basal diet (without antibiotics),while pigs in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with either 25 mg/kg antibiotics (group Ⅰ),or 1.0 % AKG (group Ⅱ),or 0.5 % allicin (group Ⅲ),or 1.0 % AKG combined with 0.5 % allicin (group Ⅳ).The experiment lasted for 21 days after 7 days for pre-feeding.The results showed as follows: 1) compared with control group,the average daily gain of pigs in groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ was respectively improved by 10.80% and 9.91% without significant difference (P>0.05).2) Compared with control group,the calcium (Ca) apparent digestibility in group Ⅱ was significantly improved (P<0.05),the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP),Ca and phosphorus (P) in group Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the P apparent digestibility in group Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05).3) Compared with control group,pigs in group Ⅱ had significantly improved serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) content (P<0.05),and the serum triglyceride content in group Ⅲ was significantly decreased (P<0.05);pigs in group Ⅳ had significantly lower serum contents of total cholesterol (TCHO) and TG (P<0.05),but had significantly higher serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP),glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.05),and significantly higher serum contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG (P<0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the serum contents of TCHO and TG in group Ⅳ were tend to be decreased (P>0.05),while the serum activities of AST and ALT in group Ⅳ were significantly increased (P<0.05).4) Compared with control group,the villous height of ileum and the ratio of the villous height to crypt depth of ileum and jejunum in group Ⅳ were significantly improved (P<0.05).5) Compared with control group,the amounts of goblet cells and lymphocytes in the ileum of group Ⅳ were increased significantly (P<0.05).The results suggest that dietary supplementation with 1.0 % AKG and 0.5% allicin can ameliorate intestinal morphologic structure,increase the ability of nutrient digestibility and absorption such as CP,Ca and P,and promote intestinal health,thus improve growth performance of growing pigs.%本试验旨在研究α-酮戊二酸(AKG)和大蒜素对生长猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标以及肠道形态结构的影响.选用40头初始平均体重为(30.64±1.35) kg的健康三元(杜×长×大)杂交生长猪,按体重相近、性别比例相同原则随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪.5组试验猪分别饲喂无抗基础饲粮(对照组)、无抗基础饲粮+25 mg/kg抗生素(Ⅰ组)、无抗基础饲粮+1%AKG(Ⅱ组)、无抗基础饲粮+0.5%大蒜素(Ⅲ组)、无抗基础饲粮+1%AKG+0.5%大蒜素(Ⅳ组).预试期7 d,正试期21 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组生长猪的平均日增重分别提高了10.80%和9.91%,但差异不显著(P>0.05).2)与对照组相比,Ⅱ组钙的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅳ组粗蛋白质、钙和磷的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),且Ⅳ组较Ⅰ组显著提高了磷的表观消化率(P<0.05).3)与对照组相比,Ⅱ组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P<0.05);Ⅲ组血清甘油三酯(TG)含量显著降低(P<0.05);Ⅳ组血清总胆固醇(TCHO)和TG含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性及血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgG含量显著提高(P<0.05).与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组血清TCHO和TG含量有降低趋势(P>0.05),血清AST和ALT活性显著提高(P<0.05).4)与对照组相比,Ⅳ组回肠绒毛高度及空肠和回肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P<0.05).5)与对照组相比,Ⅳ组回肠中杯状细胞和淋巴细胞数目显著增加(P<0.05).综上,无抗饲粮中联合添加1%AKG和0.5%大蒜素可通过改善肠道形态结构,提高对粗蛋白质、钙和磷等养分的消化吸收能力,促进肠道健康,进而改善生长猪的生长性能.