饲粮代谢能水平对汶上芦花产蛋鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和蛋品质的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能(ME)水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和蛋品质的影响,并建立代谢能需要量析因模型,确定产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的饲粮代谢能需要量.试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选取40周龄、体重相近的健康汶上芦花鸡360只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡.各组分别饲喂代谢能水平为10.68、10.89、11.10、11.30和11.51 MJ/kg的试验饲粮,其他主要营养水平保持一致.预试期7 d,试验期35 d.结果表明:1)饲粮代谢能水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日代谢能摄入量(ADMEI)、平均体重、代谢体重(BW0.75)、产蛋数、产蛋率和平均日产蛋量(ADEM)均有显著影响(P<0.05).随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,ADFI、ADMEI、产蛋数、产蛋率和ADEM呈增加趋势,但当代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时降低.随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,料蛋比呈降低趋势,但当代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时增加.饲粮代谢能水平为11.51和11.30 MJ/kg时的平均体重和BW0.75显著高于代谢能水平为11.10 MJ/kg时(P<0.05).2)随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的血清葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TCHO)含量均呈增加趋势.3)饲粮代谢能水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位和蛋黄比率有显著影响(P<0.05).低能组(代谢能水平为10.68、10.89和11.10 MJ/kg)的蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著高于高能组(代谢能水平为11.30和11.51 MJ/kg)(P<0.05).随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,蛋黄颜色和蛋黄比率呈增加趋势,其中代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时的蛋黄颜色和蛋黄比率显著高于其他各代谢能水平时(P<0.05).4)以ADMEI为因变量,以平均日增重(ADG)、ADEM和BW0.75为自变量,拟合41~45周龄汶上芦花鸡饲粮代谢能需要量的析因模型为:ADMEI=0.88ADG+10.63ADEM+476.40BW0.75(R2=0.982 5,P<0.05).满足41~45周龄汶上芦花鸡最佳生产性能的适宜饲粮代谢能需要量为11.29 MJ/kg.%This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy level on performance,biochemical indexes in serum and egg quality of Wenshang Luhua hens during laying period,and establish factorial model of metabolizable energy requirement to define dietary metabolizable energy requirements of Wenshang Luhua hens during laying period.Three hundred and sixty 40-week-old healthy Wenshang Luhua hens with similar body weight were randomly allocated to five groups with six replicates per group and twelve hens per replicate according a single-factor completely random design.The hens were fed diets with 10.68,10.89,11.10,11.30,11.51 MJ/kg metabolizable energy levels,respectively,while the other major nutrient levels were the same.The pretest period lasted for 7 days and the experiment period lasted for 35 days.The results showed as follows: 1) dietary metabolizable energy level had significant effects on average daily feed intake (ADFI),average daily metabolizable energy intake (ADMEI),average weight,metabolic weight (BW0.75),egg number,laying rate and average daily egg mass (ADEM) of Wenshang Luhua hens during laying period (P<0.05).ADFI,ADMEI,egg number,laying rate and ADEM showed an increasing tendency with the increase of dietary metabolizable energy level,but decreased when metabolizable energy level was 11.51 MJ/kg.The ratio of feed to egg showed a decreasing tendency with the increase of dietary metabolizable energy level,but increased when metabolizable energy level was 11.51 MJ/kg.The average weight and BW0.75 when dietary metabolizable energy level were 11.51 and 11.30 MJ/kg were significantly higher than that when metabolizable energy level was 11.10 MJ/kg (P<0.05).2) The contents of glucose (GLU),triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TCHO) in serum of Wenshang Luhua hens during laying period showed an increasing tendency with the increase of dietary metabolizable energy level.3) Dietary metabolizable energy level had significant effects on albumen height,yolk color,Haugh unit and percentage of yolk of Wenshang Luhua hens during laying period (P<0.05).Albumen height and Haugh unit in low energy groups (the metabolizable energy level were 10.68,10.89 and 11.10 MJ/kg) were significantly higher than that in high energy groups (the metabolizable energy level were 11.30 and 11.51 MJ/kg) (P<0.05).Yolk color and percentage of yolk showed an increasing tendency with the increase of dietary metabolizable energy level,and yolk color and percentage of yolk when metabolizable energy level was 11.51 MJ/kg were significantly higher than that when the other metabolizable energy levels (P<0.05).4) Given ADMEI as the dependent variable,ADG,ADEM and BW0.75 as the independent variables,the factorial model of dietary metabolizable energy requirements of Wenshang Luhua hens age from 41 to 45 weeks was ADMEI=0.88ADG+10.63ADEM+476.40BW0.75 (R2=0.982 5,P<0.05).In conclusion,suitable dietary metabolizable energy requirement for the optimal performance of Wenshang Luhua hens aged from 41 to 45 weeks is 11.29 MJ/kg.