不同类型酒糟营养成分组成差异的比较研究

摘要

本研究旨在比较不同类型酒糟营养成分组成差异并评定其营养价值.采集了5类酒糟样品共24个,其中浓香型高粱酒糟8个,酱香型高粱酒糟4个,青稞酒糟4个,玉米酒糟3个,啤酒糟5个,分析其养分组成,并应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)对其瘤胃降解特性进行评定,利用原子吸收法测定其铁、铜、锰、锌含量,并测定其抗营养因子单宁和硅含量.结果表明:1)啤酒糟pH和初水含量显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05).2)啤酒糟粗蛋白质含量最高,显著高于浓香型高粱酒糟、青稞酒糟和玉米酒糟(P<0.05).啤酒糟和酱香型高粱酒糟中性洗涤不溶蛋白质(NDIP)含量显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05).浓香型高粱酒糟和酱香型高粱酒糟酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质(ADIP)含量显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05).玉米酒糟粗脂肪含量显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05).浓香型高粱酒糟的粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05).玉米酒糟淀粉含量显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05),啤酒糟淀粉含量显著低于其他酒糟(P<0.05).3)按CNCPS划分,啤酒糟快速降解碳水化合物(CA)比例显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05),玉米酒糟中速降解碳水化合物(CB1)比例显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05),浓香型高粱酒糟不可降解碳水化合物(CC)比例显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05),啤酒糟慢速降解真蛋白质(PB3)比例显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05),浓香型高粱酒糟不可降解真蛋白质(PC)比例显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05).4)浓香型高粱酒糟和酱香型高粱酒糟铁和锰含量显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05),啤酒糟铜和锌含量显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05).5)啤酒糟单宁含量显著低于其他酒糟(P<0.05),浓香型高粱酒糟硅含量显著高于其他酒糟(P<0.05).由此可见,不同类型酒糟营养成分组成差异较大.玉米酒糟提供了最优质的碳水化合物组分,啤酒糟提供了最优质的蛋白质组分,青稞酒糟和酱香型高粱酒糟品质较优,浓香型高粱酒糟品质最差,应根据实际生产需求合理添加.%This experiment was conducted to compare the nutrients compositions and evaluate the nutrients val-ues of different types of distillers' grains. The 24 distillers' grains samples were divided into five categories, 8 Luzhou-sorghum distillers' grains ( L-SDG) , 4 Maotai-sorghum distillers' grains ( M-SDG) , 4 highland bar-ley distillers' grains ( HBDG) , 3 corn distillers' grains ( CDG) , 5 barley brewers' grains ( BBG) , analysed the nutrients compositions, evaluated ruminal fermentation characteristics by Cornell net carbohydrate and pro-tein system ( CNCPS) , determined the contents of iron, copper, manganese and zinc by atomic absorption spectrometry, and determined the contents of anti-nutritional factors, such as tannin and silicon. The results showed as follows: 1 ) the pH and primary moisture content of BBG were significantly higher than those of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) . 2) BBG had the highest content of crude protein, and significantly higher than that of L-SDG, HBDG and CDG ( P<0.05) . The neutral detergent insoluble protein ( NDIP) content of BBG and M-SDG was significantly higher than that of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) . The acid detergent in-soluble protein ( ADIP) content of L-SDG and M-SDG was significantly higher than that of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) . The ether extract content of CDG was significantly higher than that of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) . The crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid washing fiber and acid detergent lignin contents of M-SDG were significantly higher than those of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) . The starch content of CDG was significantly higher than that of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) , the starch content of BBG was signifi-cantly lower than that of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) . 3) According to the CNCPS method' division, the of carbohydrate proportion of BBG ( CA ) was significantly higher than that of other distillers ' grains ( P<0.05), the carbohydrate proportion of CDG (CB1) was significantly higher than that of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) , the carbohydrate proportion of L-SDG ( CC) was significantly higher than that of other distillers' grains (P<0.05), the protein proportion of BBG (PB3) was significantly higher than that of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) , the protein proportion of L-SDG ( PC) was significantly higher than that of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) . 4) The iron and manganese contents of L-SDG and M-SDG were significantly higher than those of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) , the copper and zinc contents of BBG were significantly higher than those of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) . 5) The tannin content of BBG was significantly lower than that of other distillers' grains ( P<0.05) , the silicon content of L-SDG was significantly higher than that of other dis-tillers' grains (P<0.05). It is concluded that there are differences in the conventional nutrients of different types of distillers' grains. CDG provide the highest carbohydrate quality and BBG provide the highest protein quality, HBDG and M-SDG have better quality, and the quality of L-SDG is the worst. We should add them in feed reasonably based on the actual production needs.