不同营养调控方式对牦牛僵牛生长发育、血常规、血浆抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

摘要

In order to find methods for relieving oxidative and immune stress,and promote growth of yaks with growth retardation, forty 1?year?old Qinghai high plateau yaks with growth retardation(which was 1.5?fold standard deviations less than the average weight of yak groups with same age and breed)were selected and ran?domly assigned into 4 groups, which were farming yaks with growth retardation group, concentrate group, cysteamine group(concentrate+80 mg/kg BW cysteamine)and yeast group(concentrate+0.3% active dry yeast); another ten 1?year?old Qinghai high plateau yaks with normal growth performance were selected as farming healthy yaks group. Each group had 5 replicates with 2 yaks per replicate. The pre?trial lasted for 15 d, and the trial lasted for 60 d. The results showed as follows: 1)compared with farming yaks with retardation group, body measurements in concentrate group, cysteamine group and yeast group were significantly in?creased(P<0.05). 2)Compared with farming yaks with retardation group,concentrate group had significant?ly higher red blood cell count and hemoglobin content, and significantly lower white blood cell count in blood (P<0.05). 3)On day 1,plasma malondialdehyde(MDA)content in farming healthy yaks group were signif?icantly lower than that in the other four groups(P<0.05), and plasma total superoxide dismutase(T?SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase(GSH?Px)content and the total antioxidant capacity(T?AOC)in farming healthy yaks group were significantly higher than those in the other four groups(P<0.05). On day 60,plasma MDA content in cysteamine group and yeast group was significantly decreased compared with day 1(P<0.05), and was significantly lower than that farming yaks with retardation group(P<0.05); plasma T?SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity(T?AOC)in cysteamine group and yeast group were significantly in?creased compared with day 1(P<0.05),and were significantly higher than those farming yaks with retardation group(P<0.05);plasma GSH?Px content in yeast group was significantly increased compared with day 1(P<0.05), and was significantly higher than that in farming yaks with retardation group(P<0.05). 4)On day 1, plasma immunoglobulin A(IgA)and immunoglobulin G(IgG)contents in farming healthy yaks group were significantly higher than those in the other four group(P<0.05). On day 60, plasma IgG content in concen?trate group was significantly increased compared with day 1(P<0.05), and was significantly higher than that in farming yaks with retardation group(P<0.05); plasma IgA content in cysteamine group was significantly increased compared with day 1(P<0.05),and was significantly higher than that in farming yaks with retarda?tion group(P<0.05); plasma IgA and IgG contents in yeast group were significantly increased compared with day 1(P<0.05), and were significantly higher than that in farming yaks with retardation group(P<0.05). The results indicate that concentrate supplementation and further supplementation of 80 mg/kg BW cysteamine and 0.3% active dry yeast can improve antioxidant capacity and immunity of yaks with growth retardation,and promote compensatory growth; the supplementation of concentrate and 0.3% active dry yeast has the best effects.%本试验旨在寻找通过营养调控缓解牦牛僵牛氧化和免疫应激,促进牦牛僵牛生长的方法.按小于同龄同品种牦牛群体平均体重1.5倍标准差的标准选取1周岁青海高原型牦牛僵牛40头和正常牦牛10头,按体重将40头牦牛僵牛随机分为4组,分别为僵牛放牧组、精补组、半胱胺组(补饲精料同时添加80 mg/kg BW半胱胺)、酵母组(补饲精料同时添加0.3%活性干酵母),正常牛设为正常牛放牧组,每组5个重复,每个重复2头牛.预试期15 d,正试期60 d.结果表明:1)与放牧僵牛组相比,精补组、半胱胺组、酵母组可显著提高僵牛体尺指标(P<0.05).2)精补组血液红细胞计数和血红蛋白含量显著高于僵牛放牧组(P<0.05),血液白细胞计数显著低于僵牛放牧组(P<0.05).3)在第1天,正常牛放牧组血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于其他4组(P<0.05),总超氧化物歧化酶(T?SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH?Px)含量、总抗氧化能力(T?AOC)抗氧化能力显著高于其他4组(P<0.05).在第60天,半胱胺组和酵母组僵牛血浆中MDA含量显著低于第1天(P<0.05),且显著低于僵牛放牧组(P<0.05),血浆T?SOD活性、T?AOC显著高于第1天(P<0.05),且显著高于僵牛放牧组(P<0.05);酵母组血浆GSH?Px含量显著高于第1天(P<0.05),且显著高于僵牛放牧组(P<0.05).4)在第1天,正常牛放牧组血浆免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著高于其他4个组(P<0.05).第60天,精补组血浆IgG含量显著高于第1天(P<0.05),且显著高于僵牛放牧组(P<0.05);半胱胺组血浆IgA含量显著高于第1天(P<0.05),且显著高于僵牛放牧组(P<0.05);酵母组的血浆IgA和IgG的含量显著高于第1天(P<0.05),且显著高于僵牛放牧组(P<0.05).结果提示,补饲精料及精料中添加80 mg/kg BW半胱胺或0.3%活性干酵母可提高牦牛僵牛抗氧化和免疫能力,促进僵牛补偿生长,其中补饲精料同时添加0.3%活性干酵母效果最佳.