非洲猪瘟疫苗研究进展

摘要

非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒引起的一种急性、热性和高度接触性传染病,可感染各品种及各年龄段家猪以及欧洲野猪,死亡率高达100%.近年来,非洲猪瘟在北高加索地区、俄罗斯境内多个州以及东欧多国扩散、流行,在全球分布呈扩大趋势并对我国养猪业构成潜在巨大威胁.由于非洲猪瘟病毒拥有庞大的基因组结构和复杂的免疫逃逸机制,使得该病目前仍未有有效疫苗问世.本文针对非洲猪瘟灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗、核酸疫苗和基因工程亚单位疫苗等研究进展进行概述,以期为该病疫苗研发提供参考.%African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic and highly contagious disease. African swine fever virus (ASFV) can infect domestic pigs of all breeds and ages as well as European wild boars with the mortality rate up to 100%. In recent years, the spread of ASF in the Caucasus region, the Russian Federation, and several Eastern European countries poses a huge social and economic threat to the global swine industry. Due to the huge genomic structure and complex immune evasion mechanisms of ASFV, no effective vaccine is currently available against the disease. In this review, research efforts toward the development of effective ASF vaccines is presented including inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, viral vectored vaccines, DNA vaccines and subunit vaccines.