目的:探讨土家族儿童少年体型发育特征及其规律.方法:应用Heath-Carter体型法对1 865名土家族儿童少年进行体型评价.结果:男性中因子值大于女性,内因子值小于女性；男性体型以中胚层和外胚层为主,女性体型以中胚层和内胚层为主；随着年龄增长,男性由均衡的中胚层体型发展为偏外胚层的中胚层体型,女性由均衡的中胚层、偏外胚层的中胚层、三胚层中间型发展为偏中胚层的内胚层体型.结论:土家族儿童少年男、女性的体型发育存在着差异,男性身体线性程度相对较高,外形上稍瘦小、肌肉发达；女性脂肪含量较多、线性程度较低.与其他群体比较,土家族学生肌肉发达,脂肪含量少,线性程度低.%Objective:To explore the characteristics of the somatotype in Tujia children and adolescents. Methods: The so-matotypes of 1 865 Tujia children and adolescents were evaluated by the Heath-Carter anthropometric method. Results: The mesomorphy of male was bigger than that of female, and the endomorphy of female was bigger than that of male. The primary somatotype in male was mesomorph and ectomorph; while that in female was mesomorph and endomorph. With age increasing, male somatotypes developed from balanced mesomorph to ectomorphic mesomorph; while the female patterns developed from balanced mesomorph, ectomorphic mesomorph and central to mesomorphic endomorph. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the somatotype between male and female in Tujia children and adolescents. The somatotypes of male are slender with less fat and more muscular; however, those in female are plumper with more body fat and shorter stature. Tujia children and adolescents have more muscular, less fat and ectomorphic than other populations.
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