中国农产品加工业的区域布局与产业集聚

摘要

Optimizing regional distribution of agro-industry is very important to promote transformation and upgra-ding of agro-industry, and regional economic growth. Based on the National Economical Industry Classification, the agro-industry was reclassified according to the type of agricultural raw material in this paper. And the distribu-tion of the agro-industry and its sub-sectors in the east, middle and west and northeast, and the distribution of the advantageous agricultural product region were analyzed in this study. In addition, it quantitatively estimated the industry concentration degree of the agro-industry and its sub-sectors, using the methods of concentration, spa-tial Gini index, the Herfindahl index, and EG index. The results showed that, over the past decade, the develop-ment of agro-industry in central and western regions and the proportion had been significantly increased, so the re-gional distribution pattern of agro-industry had a more significant change. The trend of fresh agriculture products processing, such as fruits and vegetables processing, meat processing, aquatic products processing,and the charac-teristic agricultural products processing, such as sugar processing, tea processing, and milk processing,had gath-ered to the advantageous agricultural product region, while the staple agricultural food processing such as cotton, timber, tobacco and other non-food agricultural products processing distributed more dispersed. In addition, the overall compared agglomeration of agro-industry was low, but sugar processing, tea processing, egg processing, a-quatic products processing, cotton processing, high rubber industry had higher industry concentration.%优化农产品加工业区域布局，对于推动农产品加工业转型升级，促进地区经济增长具有十分重要的意义。文章以国民经济行业分类为基础，按照农产品原料的类型将农产品加工业进行重新归类，对农产品加工业及其子行业在东、中、西及东北的分布，以及在优势农产品区域的分布进行了研究；此外，使用集中度、空间基尼指数、赫芬达尔指数、 EG指数等方法，该文对农产品加工业及其子行业的产业集聚程度进行了定量测算。分析结果表明，近10年来中西部地区农产品加工业发展加快，占全国的比例明显上升，农产品加工业“东强西弱”的区域分布格局发生了较为显著地改变；果蔬、肉类、水产品等生鲜农产品以及糖料、茶叶和乳类等特色农产品加工业在优势农产品区域呈现集聚态势，而粮食、油料等大宗农产品加工以及棉麻、木材、烟叶等非食用农产品加工分布较为分散，向产地集中的趋势不明显；农产品加工业总体集聚程度较低，但糖料加工、茶叶加工、蛋品加工、水产品加工、棉麻加工、橡胶制品产业集聚度较高。