随着社会的进步和农村经济的发展，农业生产效率已成为制约农民收入、造成农村落后的关键因素。中国是马铃薯的生产大国，其生产效率的提高对我国马铃薯产业的持续发展和保障我国的粮食安全有着很重要的意义。研究基于2014年对甘肃省定西市样本农户马铃薯种植的调查数据，采用DEA模型测算农户种植马铃薯的生产效率，并利用Tobit模型对影响马铃薯生产效率的因素进行分析。研究表明：农户生产马铃薯的综合技术效率较低，规模效率成为制约其生产效率提升的瓶颈；家庭纯收入、马铃薯的种植比例和引进新品种3个变量在0．01水平下对生产效率的影响达到显著；户主的年纪在0．05水平下对生产效率的影响达到显著；马铃薯的收购价格、农户是否参加合作社和种植培训、离农贸市场距离与马铃薯的生产效率间存在不显著的正相关关系。基于以上调研提出了鼓励土地流转、提高生产技术水平、加大农民生产技能培训力度、多方面增加农民收入和合理布局农产品贸易市场等政策性建议。%In the process of society and rural economic development, the production efficiency of agriculture is a main factor to improve famers′income and change their development status in rural area. China as the largest pro-ducer of potatoes,has played very important role in improving the efficiency of potato for the sustainable,healthy de-velopment of the potato industry and food security. This study adopted DEA model to calculate the technical effi-ciency of potato based on the survey data of 145 farmers in Dingxi City, Gansu Province in 2014. It used Tobit model to analyze the factors affecting the efficiency. The results showed that the total technical efficiency of potato production was low. The scale efficiency had become a bottleneck to restrict the improvement of the potato efficien-cy. The influence of the family income, planting proportion and introducing new varieties was significant at 0. 01 level, while the influence of the age of the head of household was significant at 0. 05 level. There was a positive but not significant correlation between the price of potatoes, joining cooperatives, distance from the nearest market and potato efficiency. On the basis of this, it put forward some policies, such as encouraging land transfer, improving the level of production technology and technical training system, increasing farmer′s income,and arranging the dis-tribution of agricultural products trade market properly.
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