湖南不同熟制水稻产量重心变迁及影响因素研究

摘要

[目的]当前开展不同熟制的水稻产量重心变迁研究较少.文章旨在丰富我国水稻空间布局理论体系,为优化湖南水稻结构提供依据.[方法]基于农业统计数据,运用重心法和灰色关联法分析2006~2015年湖南不同熟制水稻产量重心变迁及影响因素.[结果]水稻产量重心位于长株潭地区,双季稻和一季稻产量重心位于洞庭湖区,分别向北偏西、北偏西、西偏北方向移动,移动距离一季稻>双季稻>水稻.不同熟制水稻产量区域变化呈现出不同特点.长株潭地区、湘南地区、大湘西地区的水稻和双季稻产量占比主要影响因素为单产,洞庭湖地区为播种面积;长株潭地区、大湘西地区的一季稻产量占比主要影响因素为单产,湘南地区和洞庭湖地区为播种面积.[结论]水稻、双季稻播种面积上升、单产下降,一季稻播种面积和单产下降,可能是导致产量重心分别向北、向西迁移的原因.分别以112°6′E、28°11′N, 112°17′E、28°20′N, 111°12′E、28°31′N为中心点,所在经线轴两侧各约90km、纬线轴两侧各约110km区域将分别是湖南未来一段时期水稻、双季稻、一季稻生产核心区所在.建议以洞庭湖地区、湘南地区、长株潭地区为重点区域发展双季稻,以大湘西地区为重点区域发展一季稻.%At present,there is less research on the changes of the yield gravity center of different maturity system rice production.Aims to enrich the theoretical system of rice space layout in China,and provide the basis for opti-mizing rice structure in Hunan,based on agricultural statistics,this paper analyzed the changes of the yield gravity center and the influencing factors of different maturity system rice production in Hunan province from 2006 to 2015 using gravity method and gray correlation method.The results showed that the rice yield gravity center was located in the Changzhutan area.The double-cropping rice and single cropping rice were located in the Dongting Lake area, and moved to north-westward and west -northward.The main influencing factors of rice and double cropping rice production in Changzhutan area,Xiangnan area and Xiangxi area were the per unit area yield and the area of sown. The increase of sown area and the decline of yield of rice and double cropping rice,the decrease of sown area and yield of first season rice may be the reason of shifting the center of gravity to the north and west respectively.With 112 °6′E、28 °11′N、112 °17′E、28 °20′N、111 °12′E、28 °31′N as the center, where the spool on both sides of each about 90km,latitude approximately 110km of areas on both sides of the shaft will be respectively the core areas of rice,double cropping rice and first cropping rice in Hunan for a period of time to come.It proposed the development of double -season rice in the Dongting Lake area,Xiangnan area and Changzhutan area were taken as the key area,and the single-season cropping rice should be developed in the Xiangxi area in Hunan.