不同钾肥施用水平对马铃薯产量和品质的影响

摘要

Field experiments were set up to study the effects of different potash amount on the yield and quality of potato in order to provide scientific basis for reasonable fertilization, reducing costs and increasing production value. Results indicated that yield of potato were improved by the application of potassium fertilizer. The potato yield and commodity rate of treatment K10 were higher than the others, so it was the ideal choice. The quality of potato tubers was also increased by potassium fertilizers. Within a certain range, the treatment of K20 reached the highest dry matter and protein content of potato tuber;the treatment of K15 reached the highest starch content. The reducing sugar content of K10 was significantly higher than the rest treatments. The effect of different amount of potassium fertilizer on nutrient content of potato was different. And it was helpful for potassium accumulation in potato by increasing potash application. Nutrient content of potato were be improved by an excessive amount of potassium fertilizer, but no significant contribution for yield.%采用田间小区试验研究不同钾肥施用水平对马铃薯产量及品质的影响，为马铃薯生产中合理施肥、降低成本、增加产值提供科学依据。结果表明：不同钾肥施用量均有助于提高马铃薯产量。总体来看，从马铃薯产量和商品率方面考虑，K10处理(150 kg/hm2)均显著高于其余处理，是比较理想的选择，但具体选择应根据实际的条件和情况而定；施钾可以提高马铃薯块茎的品质。在一定范围内，马铃薯块茎干物质量和蛋白质含量均以K20处理(300 kg/hm2)最高，淀粉含量以K15处理(225 kg/hm2)最高，还原糖含量以K10处理(150 kg/hm2)极显著高于其余处理；增施钾肥对马铃薯块茎养分含量影响各异。增施钾肥有利于马铃薯植株体内钾素的累积，而过量施用钾肥只能增加作物体内的养分含量，对产量并无显著贡献。