目的 了解高血压患者的饮食现状.方法 采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法对门诊427例(高血压251例,非高血压176例)成年人进行膳食结构调查.结果 高血压组粮谷类和畜禽类平均每标准人日摄入量[(268.8±92.8) g和(64.7±49.4) g]低于非高血压组[(310.8±105.8) g和(87.9±61.8) g],而奶类的摄入量[(170.7±122.5) g]高于非高血压组[(120.6±139.1) g],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高血压组鱼虾、蛋、豆、油及蔬菜的摄入合理率低,分别为1.2%(3/251)、8.4%(21/251)、21.9%(55/251)、28.7%(72/251)及37.5%(94/251).非高血压组鱼虾、豆、油及水果的摄入合理率较低,分别为2.3%(4/176)、19.3%(34/176)、22.2%(39/176)及23.9%(42/176);高血压组各类食物摄入均衡率为23.5%(59/251),非高血压组为17.0%(30/176);且高血压组男性比女性摄入更均衡,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高血压患者根据自身各种营养缺乏的需求,合理增加鱼虾、蔬菜及豆类和减少蛋及油类等食物;开展合理膳食、多样化膳食及优化食物摄入非药物疗法的健康教育,最终提高患者的生活质量.%Objective To understand the dietary status of patients with hypertension. Methods A 24 - hour diet recall was conducted for 3 consecutive days in 427 adults ( for hypertension group n = 251, and for control group n = 176 ) to survey their dietary structure. Results The average daily intakes of grain and livestock in the hypertension group [ ( 268. 8 ±92. 8 ) g, ( 64. 7 ±49. 4 ) g ] were lower than those in the control group [ ( 310. 8 ± 105. 8 ) g, ( 87. 9 ±61. 8 ) g ], but the average daily intake of milk in hypertension group [ ( 170. 7 ± 122. 5 ) g ] was higher than that in the control group [ ( 120. 6 ± 139. 1 ) g ], with statistically significant differences ( P <0. 05 ). The reasonable rates of intakes offish, eggs beans, oil and vegetables in the hypertension group were 1. 2% ( 3/251 ), 8. 4% ( 21/251 ), 21. 9% ( 55/251 ), 28. 7% ( 72/251 ), and 37. 5% ( 94/251 ) respectively. The reasonable rates offish, beans, oil and fruits in the control group were 2. 3% ( 4/176 ), 19. 3% ( 34/176 ), 22. 2% ( 39/176 ), and 23. 9% ( 42/176 ) respectively. The rate of balanced diet in the hypertension group was 23. 5% ( 59/ 251 ), 17. 0 % ( 30/176 ) in the control group, and higher in males than in females in the hypertension group ( P <0. 05 ) . Conclusion The patients with hypertension should reasonably increase the intakes of fish, vegetables and beans; and reduce intakes of eggs and oil according to their own dietary conditions. Health education on non - drug therapies including reasonable diet, diet diversity and optimization of food intakes should be undertaken to improve quality of life of the patients.
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