赴川救灾志愿者替代性创伤调查研究

摘要

Objective To explore the status of vicarious trauma among disaster relief volunteers in the Wenchuan earthquake.Methods A total of 300 volunteers who had participated in the disaster relief work during Wenchuan earthquake were investigated using " vicarious traumatization questionnaire" hy Han Xue.Results Of the 291 volunteers.11 ( 3.80％ ) showed total scores for vicarious trauma higher than the theoretical median, 69 ( 23.70％ ) showed belief - in - life scores higher than the theoretical median, 36 ( 12.40％ ) showed cognitive response scores higher than the theoretical median, with significant differences ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Females scored higher in total scores, emotional response.behavior response.belief - in - life.and physical response with significant differences ( P ＜ 0.05 ); volunteers with lower degrees of education scored higher than those with higher degrees in total scores.emotional response, cognitive response, and physical response physical response ( P ＜0.05 ); single volunteers scored higher than married ones in helief - in - life, but lower in physical response ( P ＜0.05 ).Volunteers who had worked for l ～ 2 weeks in the disaster area scored higher than those who had worked in the disaster area for more than a month in emotional response, cognitive response , physical response and total score for vicarious trauma ( P ＜0.05 ) ; volunteers who had worked for l ～ 2 weeks in the disaster area scored higher than those who had worked in the disaster area for 3 ～4 weeks in cognitive response and total score ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Vicarious trauma status tend to be more serious in females.lower education population, and single volunteers; volunteers who had shorter working experiences in the disaster area showed more serious vicarious trauma than those with longer experiences.%目的 探讨赴川救灾志愿者替代性创伤状况.方法 对300名参加汶川地震的救灾志愿者采用 "灾难救助者替代性创伤问卷"进行调查.结果 291例救灾志愿者替代总分超过理论中值11人(3.80%),其中生活信念69人(23.70%)、认知反应36人(12.40%)超过理论中值,救灾志愿者出现了一定的替代性创伤.男性救灾志愿者情绪反应、行为反应、生活信念、生理反应及替代总分均明显低于女性救灾志愿者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);专科及专科以下救灾志愿者情绪反应、认知反应、生理反应和替代总分均明显高于本科及本科以上救灾志愿者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);未婚救灾志愿者生理反应得分明显低于已婚救灾志愿者,生活信念得分明显高于已婚救灾志愿者,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).灾区工作时间≥1个月救灾志愿者情绪反应、认知反应、生理反应及替代总分均明显低于工作时间1～2周救灾志愿者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);灾区工作时间3～4周救灾志愿者认知反应及替代总分均明显低于工作时间1～2周救灾志愿者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 女性、受教育程度低、未婚的救灾志愿者替代性创伤较为严重;在灾区工作时间短的救援者的替代性创伤较为严重.