精神分裂症恢复期患者支持性干预方案的设计与验证：预实验

摘要

目的：分析精神分裂症恢复期危险因素，探索适合精神分裂症恢复期患者的支持性干预方案。方法选择2013年3-9月赤峰市安定医院门诊取药或复查的30例精神分裂症患者，按照年龄和病程匹配分为试验组和对照组，各15例。两组均服用相同的抗精神病药物，对照组入组时行常规健康教育，试验组实施支持性干预（干预时间持续10周）。干预前后采用家庭关怀度指数问卷（APGAR）、非理性信念量表（IBS）、社会功能缺陷量表（SDSS）、一般自我效能感量表（GSES）评价两组的康复效果。结果时间因素和分组因素对 APGRA、IBS、SDSS、GSES 评分存在交互作用（P <0.05）；组间比较：试验组和对照组干预前 APGRA、IBS、SDSS、GSES 评分间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；干预后，试验组 APGRA、GSESS 评分高于对照组，IBS、SDSS 评分低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（ P <0.05）。组内比较：对照组干预前后各评分间差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）；试验组干预后 APGRA、GSESS 评分较干预前升高，IBS、SDSS 评分均较干预前降低，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论预实验显示，支持性干预在一定程度上改善了患者的家庭功能、非理性信念、社会功能及自我效能，能有效促进精神分裂症恢复期患者的康复，从而为临床护理人员开展康复工作提供实践指导。%Objective To explore supportive intervention program for schizophrenia convalescents. Methods Thirty schizophrenia patients in Chifeng Anding Hospital from March to September 2013 were divided,according to duration,age,into groups study,control,15 in each. The two groups were given the same antipsychotic,control group given conventional health education,study group given supportive intervention,10 weeks. APGAR,Irrational Beliefs Scale( IBS),social disability screening schedule(SDSS),General Self - Efficacy Scale(GSES)were used to assess the rehabilitation outcome. Results Time and grouping factors had interaction with scores of APGRA,IBS,SDSS,GSES(P < 0. 05). In group comparison,there was no difference in APGRA,IBS,SDSS,GSES scores between 2 groups before intervention(P > 0. 05),APGRA and GSESS scores higher,IBS and SDSS scores lower in study group than in control group(P < 0. 05). In intra - group comparison,there was no difference in varying indexes between pre - and post - intervention in control group(P > 0. 05),and APGRA and GSESS scores higher,IBS and SDSS scores lower after intervention than before intervention in study group,the difference was significant (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Preliminary experiment shows,supportive intervention improves patients' family function,irrational beliefs,social function and self - efficacy to some extent,promotes schizophrenia convalescents' rehabilitation,thus to provide practical guidance for clinical nurses.