食物种类对北京市房山区张坊村中老年人高血糖症发生率的影响

摘要

目的：探讨食物种类对北京市房山区张坊村中老年人高血糖症发生率的影响。方法于2011年7月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院营养科在北京市房山区张坊村选取134名符合条件的居民参加营养义诊活动。采用24 h膳食回顾法记录受试者连续3 d 每餐食物的摄入种类和摄入量；并于餐后1 h、餐后2 h 及空腹状态下进行血糖测量，根据血糖数值将受试者分为血糖正常组71例和高血糖症组63例，比较两组体质指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、三头肌皮褶厚度（TSF）、体脂含量（BF）、饮酒、吸烟、活动情况、睡眠情况以及不同食物种类摄入量。结果134例受试者中，高血糖症发生率为47.0%（63/134）。两组性别、年龄、饮酒率、吸烟率、运动情况、睡眠情况、WHR、TSF比较，差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）；高血糖症组 BMI、BF 均高于血糖正常组（P <0.05）。高血糖症组脂肪摄入量、总能量摄入量均高于血糖正常组（P <0.05）；两组碳水化合物摄入量、蛋白质摄入量和膳食纤维摄入量比较，差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。高血糖症组猪肉类摄入量和食用油摄入量均高于血糖正常组（P >0.05）；两组主食类摄入量、蔬果类摄入量、鱼类摄入量、鸡蛋类摄入量、奶制品类摄入量、豆制品类摄入量、干果类摄入量比较，差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。血糖正常组和高血糖症组混合膳食血糖生成指数和混合膳食血糖负荷比较，差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论北京市房山区张坊村中老年人高血糖症发生率较高，与脂肪摄入量的增加，尤其是猪肉类和食用油摄入量增加，导致总能量摄入量增加有关，建议进食鱼类、干果和植物油等，减少猪肉类和动物油的摄入，从而达到有效控制血糖，避免高血糖症的发生。%Objective To investigate the relationship between the different kinds of food and the morbidity of hypergly-cemia in middle aged and elderly people in Zhangfang village,Fangshan District,Beijing. Methods Totally 134 middle aged and elderly villagers in Zhangfang village who were in accordance with condition were selected randomly to take part in nutrition counseling activities. 24 hours dietary retrospective survey method was used to record the dietary kinds and intakes of each meal for three successive days. Then measure the blood glucose 1 h,2 h after meals and in the fasting state and according to the measure-ment result divide the subjects into normal group(71 cases)and hyperglycemia group(63 cases). Compare body mass index (BMI),waist - hip rate( WHR),BF( body fat),triceps skin fold( TSF),smoking,drinking,sleeping,exercises and intakes of different kinds of food. Results The morbidity of hyperglycemia among the 134 subjects was 47. 0% (63 / 134). There were no significant differences in age,sex,smoking rate,drinking rate,exercises,sleeping,WHR and TSF( P >0. 05);BMI and BF in hyperglycemia group were higher than those in normal group(P < 0. 05);carbohydrate intakes,protein intakes and dietary fiber intakes were not statistically different between the two groups(P > 0. 05). Pork intakes and oil intakes in hyperglycemia group were all higher than those in normal group(P > 0. 05). The intakes of staple food,vegetable and fruit, fish,eggs,milk,bean products and nuts between the two groups were not statistically different(P > 0. 05). Mixed dietary gly-cemic index and mixed dietary glycemic load between the two groups were also not statistically significant(P > 0. 05). Conclu-sion The morbidity of hyperglycemia of middle aged and elderly people in Zhangfang Village is in high level,which is related to the high fat intake(pork meat and oil),resulting in high total energy intake. It is suggested that people should eat more fish,nuts and vegetable oil instead of pork meat and animal oil so as to effectively control blood glucose and avoid the morbidity of hyperglyce-mia.