Objective To understand the pension demand of the elderly population among Wuling mountain areas and eXplore the influencing factors so as to provide reference for seeking the suitable pension service model. Methods A purposive sampling method was adopted. 2724 elderly people chosen from XiangXi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Xiushan county of Chongqing,Enˊshi of Hubei and Tongˊren of Guizhong were investigated by self - made questionnaire between July and Octo-ber,2013 about their general information,the present endowment status and their demand of endowment pattern. Results 1 105 (40.6%)chose community endowment;966(35.4%)chose family support;363(13.3%)chose old - age home;233 (8.6%)chose institution endowment;57(2.1%)chose others. The difference of choices was significant among the elderly who had different educational background,marital status,number of children,occupation before retirement,work willingness after retirement,financial situation satisfaction,health state and satisfaction,health eXpenditure payment,religious belief,daily liv-ing abilities(drug - taking,eating,clothes - dressing,tooth - brushing,hair - dressing,and call - making)( P<0.05). The number of children,health eXpenditure payment,religious belief,health state satisfaction,self-care abilities such as eat-ing and making calls were the significant influencing factors for the choices of endowment patterns(P<0.05). Conclusion The family pension and community endowment are the two main ideal pension model for the elderly in Wuling mountain area. The number of children,health eXpenditure payment,religious belief,health state satisfaction,self - care abilities such as eating and making calls influence the elderlyˊs choices. Family pension can not satisfy the elderlyˊs needs any more. They want a support-ive endowment service provided by the community. Therefore transition from the family pension to the community endowment will become the inevitable trend of the future development of endowment pattern in china.%目的：了解武陵山片区老年人群的养老需求，探讨其影响因素，为寻求适宜的养老服务模式提供参考。方法采用目的抽样方法，在湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州、重庆秀山县、湖北恩施、贵州铜仁4个地区选取2724名老年人，于2013年7-10月采用自行设计的问卷进行调查。问卷内容包括老年人的基本情况、目前的养老现状及养老模式需求情况。结果2724名老年人中，期望社区养老者为1105人（占40.6%），期望家庭养老者为966人（占35.4%），期望居家养老者363人（占13.3%），期望机构养老者233人（占8.6%），其他57人（占2.1%）。不同文化程度、婚姻状况、子女数、退休前职业、继续工作意愿、经济状况满意度、健康状况及满意度、医疗费用承担方式、宗教信仰、日常生活能力（吃药、吃饭、穿衣、刷牙和梳头、打电话自理情况）的老年人对养老模式的选择间差异有统计学意义（P é0.05）。子女数、医疗费用承担方式、宗教信仰、健康状况满意度、吃饭及打电话自理情况对老年人养老模式选择的影响有统计学意义（P é0.05）。结论社区养老和家庭养老是武陵山片区老年人的两种主要理想养老模式，子女数、医疗费用承担方式、宗教信仰、健康状况满意度、吃饭及打电话自理情况影响养老模式的选择。家庭养老已不能满足该地区老年人的养老需求，老年人希望在以家庭养老为主的基础上得到社会提供的辅助养老服务，从家庭养老向社区养老过渡将成为我国未来养老模式发展的趋势。
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